Fast Reconfigurable Phase Shifter Based on a Chiral Liquid Crystal Configuration

Kim, Dowon; Kim, Kitae; Saeed, Mohsin Hassan; Choi, Seungjin; Na, Jun‐Hee

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286537

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…Several advanced reconfigurable liquid crystal-based devices have been developed, including fast-reconfigurable phase shifters, devices for generating optical vortices, LC-based reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and liquid crystal gratings. For example, Kim et al designed a fast-reconfigurable phase shifter utilizing liquid crystal, evaluating its performance for twisted nematic and antiparallel alignment liquid crystal cell configurations 4 . Albero et al developed two reconfigurable LC devices to generate optical vortices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields

Ghorapade,

Wang

2024

Sci Rep

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This study unveils a groundbreaking technique leveraging the superposition of electric field vectors to manipulate liquid crystals (LCs). Demonstrated through a simple configuration of four independent electrodes at the corners of a rectangular enclosure, notably, this configuration can be further simplified or modified as needed, showcasing the versatility of the approach. Significantly, the design showcased in the paper eliminates the need for an alignment layer, highlighting the versatility of the method. Through nuanced adjustments in waveforms, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases in AC or DC from these electrodes, precise control over LC shape deformation and dynamic phase transformation is achieved in both temporal and spatial dimensions. In contrast to traditional methods, the approach presented here abolishes alignment layers and intricate electrode-array systems, opting for a streamlined configuration with varying AC frequencies and DC electric signals. This innovative methodology, founded on simplified governing equations from Q-tensor hydrodynamics theory, demonstrates true 3D control over LCs, displaying efficiency in electrode usage beyond current arrays. The study's contributions extend to temporal control emphasis, superposition techniques, and the elimination of fixed electrodes, promising unprecedented possibilities for programming LC materials and advancing the field of programmable LC devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields

Ghorapade,

Wang

2024

Sci Rep

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Fast-response and high figure of merit phase shifter based on polymer- stabilised liquid crystals

Li,

Zhang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Liquid Crystals

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Susceptibility to Low-Frequency Breakdown in Full-Wave Models of Liquid Crystal-Coaxially-Filled Noise-Shielded Analog Phase Shifters

Li,

2024

Electronics

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Building on the fully encapsulated architecture of liquid crystal (LC) coaxial phase shifters, which leverages noise-shielding advantages for millimeter-wave wideband reconfigurable applications, this study addresses the less-explored issue of low-frequency breakdown (LFB) susceptibility in modern full-wave solvers. Specifically, it identifies the vulnerability nexus between the tuning states (driven by low-frequency bias voltages) and the constitutive elements of LC-filled coaxial phase shifters—namely, the core line, housing grounding, and radially sandwiched tunable dielectrics—operating at millimeter-wave frequencies (60 GHz WiGig), microwave (1 GHz), and far lower frequency regimes (down to 1 MHz, 1 kHz, and 1 Hz) for long-wavelength or quasi-static conditions, with specialized applications in submarine communications and geophysical exploration. For completeness, the study also investigates the device state prior to LC injection, when the cavity is air-filled. Key computational metrics, such as effective permittivity and characteristic impedance, are analyzed. The results show that at 1 kHz, deviations in effective permittivity exceed four orders of magnitude compared to 1 GHz, while characteristic impedance exhibits deviations of three orders of magnitude. More critically, in the LFB regime, theoretical benchmarks from 1 MHz to 1 kHz and 1 Hz demonstrate an exponential increase in prediction error for both effective permittivity, rising from 16.8% to 1.5 × 104% and 1.5 × 107%, and for characteristic impedance, escalating from 8.1% to 1.15 × 103% and 3.9 × 104%, respectively. Consequently, the prediction error of the differential phase shift, minimal at 60 GHz (0.16%), becomes noticeable at 1 MHz (4.39%), increases sharply to 743.88% at 1 kHz, and escalates dramatically to 2.18 × 1010% at 1 Hz. The findings reveal a pronounced frequency asymmetry in LFB susceptibility for the LC coaxial phase shifter biased at extremely low frequencies.

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Fast Reconfigurable Phase Shifter Based on a Chiral Liquid Crystal Configuration

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields

Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields

Fast-response and high figure of merit phase shifter based on polymer- stabilised liquid crystals

Susceptibility to Low-Frequency Breakdown in Full-Wave Models of Liquid Crystal-Coaxially-Filled Noise-Shielded Analog Phase Shifters

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