Fast RF-Synthesizer based on Direct Digital Synthesis for an Instantaneous Frequency Measurement System

Horlbeck, Marie; Scheiner, Benedict; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian

doi:10.1109/wisnet51848.2021.9413782

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Microwave frequency discriminators (MFD) and microwave phase discriminators (MPhD) are the fundamental elements of instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Moreover, MFDs and MPhDs are attractive for phase noise measurements of microwave oscillators [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MFD operating principle is based on a measurement of phase difference of microwave signals, propagating through two different lengths of transmission lines. Such frequency-sensitive devices belong to the group of the delay-line discriminators [7][8][9][10]12,[21][22][23][24][25]. This phase difference is provided by the so-called proportional phase shift forming network (PPhSFN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of the phase difference is performed by the microwave phase discriminator, which is fed by the PPhSFN. The main segment of MPhD is a microwave multiport (six-port, for instance), which consists of microwave splitters and combiners [7][8][9]14,18,19,26]. There are also known quite simply as so-called single-function microwave frequency discriminators (SFMFD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These types of instruments, i.e., SFMFD, can be used in cases when the accuracy of a frequency measurement is not a main requirement, 2 of 16 but their small size plays a particularly significant role. High measurement resolution and accuracy are the parameters that characterize the so-called quadrature microwave frequency discriminators (QMFD) [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10]14]. The QMFDs may contain, depending on the implementation, several microwave splitters and at least two vector summation devices or mixers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref. [8] shows the use of MFD in a frequency synthesizer as a stabilizing circuit instead of a phase locked loop (PLL). MFDs and MPhDs as parts of reconnaissance receivers can be used to create the so-called pulse description words (PDW) containing the parameters of the friend and foe microwave emitters [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids

Rutkowski

Stadnik

2021

Electronics

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Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and frequency using interferometer techniques, based on passive microwave components. Additionally, the structures and results of measurements of two novel versions of integrated microwave correlators for microwave frequency discriminators, made on a single printed circuit board, are shown. Three Wilkinson-type, single-stage power dividers, and two rat-race hybrids create the developed correlators. The developed devices were designed to work over a wide frequency range, i.e., of 1.6–3.1 GHz, and can be used to monitor Wi-Fi devices as well as pulse and CW radar systems operating in the S band. They can also be applied in passive radars and active Doppler radars. The view of the printed circuits boards and results of measurements are presented. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of measurement are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids

Rutkowski

Stadnik

2021

Electronics

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A Novel Frequency Measurement Methodology for Clock Synchronization in SPICE-Based Simulators

Guran,

Florescu,

Perisoara

2023

IEEE Access

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Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for complex behavioral models on the market, as simulation has become the main verification approach used for both analog and digital functionalities. One of the most popular mixed-signal simulators nowadays is Simulation Program for Integrated Circuits Emphasis (SPICE). Over the last decade, the digital part in circuits has become predominant, but this poses big challenges when developing SPICE simulation models, as the circuits are synchronized upon internal or external clock signals, where the frequency accuracy is mandatory. The existing SPICE based simulators have built-in options to measure the signal frequency and duty cycle, but only after the simulation has completed, and in this way the frequency information can not be used during the simulation to synchronize the clock signals. There is a lot of research on frequency measurement techniques in the literature, but this topic has not been translated and covered in SPICE until now. Implementing the physical frequency measurement circuits proposed previously in the literature would increase the models' complexity and the simulation time, without benefitting the final user. For this reason, in this article, a novel frequency measurement methodology for clock synchronization in SPICE based simulators is proposed, which aims to provide accurate measured frequency and duty cycle values for the digital clock signals with a fast simulation time. The performance evaluation of this methodology is done using OrCAD Capture, which is the most popular SPICE-based simulation environment.

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Waveform Generation and Signal Routing for RF Applications: A DDS-Based Approach with Microcontroller Integration

Badiger,

et al. 2024

2024 International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS)

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Fast RF-Synthesizer based on Direct Digital Synthesis for an Instantaneous Frequency Measurement System

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids

2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids

A Novel Frequency Measurement Methodology for Clock Synchronization in SPICE-Based Simulators

Waveform Generation and Signal Routing for RF Applications: A DDS-Based Approach with Microcontroller Integration

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