“…Over the past years, many internet congestion control mechanisms have been developed to ensure the reliable and efficient exchange of information across the internet, such as Active Queue Management (AQM). Bifurcation analysis of TCP under various congestion control mechanisms have been studied by several authors [16,25,30,32,40,41]. All have used a continuous-time model (e.g., the fluid model) and applied traditional mathematical methods of bifurcation analysis, including simulations, to detect parameter values when the system passes through a critical point, the system loses its stability, and a so-called Hopf bifurcation occurs [22].…”