Fat Depot-Specific Differences in Angiogenic Growth Factor Gene Expression and Its Relation to Adipocyte Size in Cattle

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Adipocytes derived from different anatomical sites vary in the expression of adipocytokines and growth factor genes. Adipogenesis is tightly associated with angiogenesis, although the regional variation of angiogenic growth factor gene expression in adipose tissues remains unclear. In this experiment, we studied the fat depot-specific differences (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric) in the expression of angiogenic growth factor mRNA [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and leptin], as well as the relationship between angiogenic growth factor mRNA level and adipocyte size in bovine adipose tissues. Intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric adipose tissues expressed significantly higher VEGF, FGF-2, and leptin mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Mesenteric adipose tissue also expressed higher FGF-10 mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression of HGF mRNA among adipose tissue depots. A significant correlation existed between adipocyte size and VEGF, FGF-2, FGF-10, and leptin mRNA levels. These results indicate that fat depot-specific difference in angiogenic growth factor gene expression results from the difference in adipocyte size.

MTCH2 promotes adipogenesis in intramuscular preadipocytes via an m 6 A‐YTHDF1‐dependent mechanism

“…Our results revealed that highly methylated transcripts in the LDM of both breeds were mainly associated with muscle differentiation and development, suggesting that m 6 A modification is tissue specific and may play an important role in muscle-related functions. Previous studies have indicated that development and lipid metabolism differ in adipocytes from subcutaneous and intramuscular sources (39,40). Although m 6 A reportedly regulates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell lines (25) and porcine subcutaneous adipocytes (24), whether m 6 A affects IMF deposition in a different way remains unknown.…”

Suppression of Lipid Accumulation by Indole-3-Carbinol Is Associated with Increased Expression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and CYP1B1 Proteins in Adipocytes and with Decreased Adipocyte-Stimulated Endothelial Tube Formation

“…Mature human adipose tissue extract produces numerous angiogenic factors and induces endothelial tube formation [35]. The expression of VEGF positively correlates to the size of adipocytes [36], and is enhanced by IL-6 [37]. Because I3C was observed to reduce IL-6 expression in the WAT in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice [11] and in LPS-stimulated macrophages [38], we hypothesize that I3C (5–50 μM) suppresses adipocyte-induced angiogenesis both by reducing TG accumulation in mature adipocytes leading to reduce the secretion of angiogenic mediators, and by directly inhibiting IL-6 expression in mature adipocytes.…”

Plasma 8-Isoprostane Concentrations and Adipogenic and Adipokine Gene Expression Patterns in Subcutaneous and Mesenteric Adipose Tissues of Fattening <i>Wagyu</i> Cattle

“…Adipogenic and adipokine gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR as described previously [39,41]. In brief, total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue using the RiboPure kit (Ambion) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…The standard curve of each product followed the calculation of respective gene expressions. The expression levels of adipogenic and adipokine mRNA were normalized by RPLP0 as an internal control [39,41]. The expression in the HV group in each adipose tissue was set to one, and the expression in the control group was expressed as the value relative to that in the HV group.…”

“…Adipocyte cellularity: Adipocyte cellularity was measured as described previously [41]. In brief, the samples of adipose tissue were rinsed in 0.154 M NaCl and then fixed with 50 mM collidine-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2% osmium tetroxide.…”