Fatal intoxication by 1,2-dichloroethane-a case report

NOUCHI, Toshihiko; Miura, Hitoshi; Kanayama, Masaaki; Mizuguchi, O.; Takano, Takehito

doi:10.1007/bf00378513

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To test this hypothesis, the rate of hydrolysis of S-(2-chloroethyl)GSH was examined in the presence and absence of either DM11 or rat No significant difference between the alkylation rates was detected ( Figure 2B), indicating that the GSH transferases are not involved in the formation of the episulfonium ion (Scheme 2). 3 Acetate is generally a poorer leaving group than any of the halides, even F, in aliphatic displacement reactions (69). S-(2-Acetoxyethyl)GSH was prepared from 2-bro- 3 An estimate of the limit of the contribution of GSH transferases to this step can be made by calculating an enzymatic rate constant when the low limit of a 95% confidence interval (0.00181-0.00257 s -1 ) of the known rate of GSCH2CH2Cl decomposition is used (in combination with a diffusion-limited rate for the formation of an ES complex, E ) GSH transferase, S ) GSCH2CH2Cl, and P ) GSCH2CH2OH).…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of Half-mustardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugation of Haloalkanes by Bacterial and Mammalian Glutathione Transferases: Mono- and Vicinal Dihaloethanes

Wheeler

Stourman

Armstrong

et al. 2001

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glutathione (GSH) transferases are generally involved in the detoxication of xenobiotic chemicals. However, conjugation can also activate compounds and result in DNA modification. Activation of 1,2-dihaloethanes (BrCH(2)CH(2)Br, BrCH(2)CH(2)Cl, and ClCH(2)CH(2)Cl) was investigated using two mammalian theta class GSH transferases (rat GST 5-5 and human GST T1) and a bacterial dichloromethane dehalogenase (DM11). Although the literature suggests that the bacterial dehalogenase does not catalyze reactions with CH(3)Cl, ClCH(2)CH(2)Cl, or CH(3)CHCl(2), we found a higher enzyme efficiency for DM11 than for the mammalian GSH transferases in conjugating CH(3)Cl, CH(3)CH(2)Cl, and CH(3)CH(2)Br. Enzymatic rates of activation of 1,2-dihaloethanes were determined in vitro by measuring S,S-ethylene-bis-GSH, the major product trapped by nonenzymatic reaction with the substrate GSH. Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 systems expressing each of these GSH transferases were used to determine mutagenicity. Rates of formation of S,S-ethylene-bis-GSH by the GSH transferases correlated with the mutagenicity determined in the reversion assays for the three 1,2-dihaloethanes, consistent with the view that half-mustards are the mutagenic products of the GSH transferase reactions. Half-mustards [S-(2-haloethyl)GSH] containing either F, Cl, or Br (as the leaving group) were tested for their abilities to induce revertants in S. typhimurium, and rates of hydrolysis were also determined. GSH transferases do not appear to be involved in the breakdown of the half-mustard intermediates. A halide order (Br > Cl) was observed for both GSH transferase-catalyzed mutagenicity and S,S-ethylene-bis-GSH formation from 1,2-dihaloethanes, with the single exception (both assays) of BrCH(2)CH(2)Cl reaction with DM11, which was unexpectedly high. The lack of substrate saturation seen for conjugation of dihalomethanes with GSTs 5-5 and T1 was also observed with the mono- and 1,2-dihaloethanes [Wheeler, J. B., Stourman, N. V., Thier, R., Dommermuth, A., Vuilleumier, S., Rose, J. A., Armstrong, R. N., and Guengerich, F. P. (2001) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1118-1127], indicative of an inherent difference in the catalytic mechanisms of the bacterial and mammalian GSH transferases.

show abstract

Section: Hydrolysis Of Half-mustardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugation of Haloalkanes by Bacterial and Mammalian Glutathione Transferases: Mono- and Vicinal Dihaloethanes

Wheeler

Stourman

Armstrong

et al. 2001

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and nitrobenzene (NB) [9][10][11][12] are among the most popular solvents for studying charge transfer across liquid|liquid interfaces, they are classified as highly toxic solvents and carcinogen agents [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion transfer across the water|trifluorotoluene interface

Olaya

Girault

2012

Electrochemistry Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Usually, 1,2-dichloroethane is metabolized in the hepatic microsome to reactive intermediates [3]. The high level of GOT and LDH has suggested damages of liver cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2-Dichloroethane-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy with a brain biopsy

Zhou

et al. 2014

Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dear Editor, 1,2-Dichloroethane-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy is not uncommon in developing countries [1], while the fatal toxic encephalopathy is rarely reported.A 20-year-old woman had been found having recurrent headaches, nausea, vomiting for 2 weeks. She had been working in a small shoe factory for 5 months. Neurological examinations showed papilledema and neck rigidity. Blood tests demonstrated an increase of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) (66.9 u/l), serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (287.2 u/l) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) (25.6 u/l). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was high (305 mmH 2 O) without other obvious abnormality. Brain MRI showed obvious lesions with diffuse brain edema in the white matter (WM) (Fig. 1a). Toxic leukoencephalopathy was suspected.Corticosteroid (10 mg dexamethasone per day by intravenous infusion) and mannitol (125 ml 20 % mannitol per 12 h) were administered coupled with ventilation and supportive fluid therapy, she was in stable condition, but she became comatose (Glasgow score = 5/15, E = 2/4, V = 1/5, M = 2/6) on the fifth day of admission with ICP up to 400 mmH 2 O. Lateral ventriculopuncture drainage was immediately applied. Meanwhile, a tiny bit of brain tissue was collected for a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Two hours after surgery, ICP fell back to 160 mmH 2 O, her consciousness was recovered (Glasgow score = 15/15).After the operation, blood tests showed elevated GOT (90.9 u/l), LDH (417.2 u/l) and CK-MB (36.6 u/l). The CSF tests showed an increase of the total cell count (9,750 9 10 6 /l), the white cell count (46 9 10 6 /l) (monocyte percentage was 60 %), MT-P (0.54 g/l), the glucose (5.66 mmol/l) and LDH (55.3 u/l). Brain MRI showed no enhancement upon Gd-DTPA injection. The bilateral basal ganglia, lateral ventricle and dentate nuclei were affected the most (Fig. 1b-i). The brain biopsy revealed dying neurons (Fig. 1j-l) and severe brain edema (Fig. 2).1,2-Dichloroethane-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy was finally confirmed by the detection of an abnormally high concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane (12-160 mg/m 3 ) in the working cell. Our patient gradually recovered and was discharged 1 month later.

show abstract

Fatal intoxication by 1,2-dichloroethane-a case report

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Conjugation of Haloalkanes by Bacterial and Mammalian Glutathione Transferases: Mono- and Vicinal Dihaloethanes

Conjugation of Haloalkanes by Bacterial and Mammalian Glutathione Transferases: Mono- and Vicinal Dihaloethanes

Ion transfer across the water|trifluorotoluene interface

1,2-Dichloroethane-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy with a brain biopsy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About