Fatal Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Evolving from a Localized Verrucous Epidermal Nevus

Riad, Hassan; Mansour, Khaled; Sada, Hussein Al; Naama, Khalifa Al; Shaigy, Amal Al; Hussain, Khairunnisa

doi:10.1159/000355605

Cited by 64 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…3,4 It is estimated that over 700 000 new CSCC cases were diagnosed annually in the United States. 6,7 In spite of encouraging advances in the diagnosis and therapy for CSCC over the past several decades, long-term prognosis is still unfavorable. 6,7 In spite of encouraging advances in the diagnosis and therapy for CSCC over the past several decades, long-term prognosis is still unfavorable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of LINC00319 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Liao

Duan

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), an epidermal keratinocyte-derived skin tumor, is one of the most leading causes of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs have emerged as key regulators of tumor development and progression. Recent studies have identified LINC00319, a long intergenic noncoding RNA, as an oncogene in lung cancer. However, the biological role of LINC00319 in CSCC remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the role of LINC00319 in CSCC and uncover the molecular mechanisms. In current study, we found that LINC00319 was significantly upregulated in both CSCC tissues and cell lines. Besides, the χ test showed that increased expression of LINC00319 was associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, and lymphovascular invasion. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were applied to investigate the effects of LINC00319 on CSCC cells. Functional studies demonstrated that LINC00319 promoted CSCC cell proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression, facilitated cell migration and invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that LINC00319 exerts its oncogenic functions in CSCC via miR-1207-5p-mediated regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 3. Taken together, upregulation of LINC00319 implies a potential link with poor prognosis and reflects CSCC progression. Collectively, this study may provide some evidence for LINC00319 as a candidate target in CSCC treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of LINC00319 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Liao

Duan

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…84 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20% of the nonmelanoma skin cancers and is considered the second most common skin cancer in whites. 4,56 This lesion most commonly arises from sun-exposed areas (head and neck region) with high cumulative chronic ultraviolet light exposure, but this carcinoma has low metastatic potential.…”

Section: Squamous Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,56 The mortality rate for patients diagnosed with a primary skin SCC metastasis is estimated to be approximately 75%. 53,57,84 Similar to BCC, loco-regional therapies, including topical treatments (e.g., 5-FU [fluorouracil]), electrodessication and curettage, and surgery are highly effective in the majority of patients with localized SCC. However, systemic therapy may be required for metastatic SCC, with platinum-based chemotherapeutics and the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor cetuximab showing positive results in isolated case reports and a few small case series.…”

Section: Squamous Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with skin cancer spinal metastases

Goodwin

Sankey

Liu

et al. 2016

SPI

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OBJECT Surgical procedures and/or adjuvant therapies are effective modalities for the treatment of symptomatic spinal metastases. However, clinical results specific to the skin cancer spinal metastasis cohort are generally lacking. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for treatments, clinical outcomes, and survival following the diagnosis of a skin cancer spinal metastasis and evaluate prognostic factors in the context of spinal skin cancer metastases stratified by tumor subtype. METHODS The authors performed a literature review using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify articles since 1950 that reported survival, clinical outcomes, and/or prognostic factors for the skin cancer patient population with spinal metastases. The methodological quality of reviews was assessed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) tool. RESULTS Sixty-five studies met the preset criteria and were included in the analysis. Of these studies, a total of 25, 40, 25, and 12 studies included patients who underwent some form of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or observation alone, respectively. Sixty-three of the 65 included studies were retrospective in nature (Class of Evidence [CoE] IV), and the 2 prospective studies were CoE II. Based on the studies analyzed, the median overall survival for a patient with a spinal metastasis from a primary skin malignancy is 4.0 months; survival by tumor subtype is 12.5 months for patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 4.0 months for those with melanoma, 4.0 months for those with squamous cell carcinoma, 3.0 months for those with pilomatrix carcinoma, and 1.5 months for those with Merkel cell carcinoma (p < 0.0001). The overall percentage of known continued disease progression after spine metastasis diagnosis was 40.1% (n = 244/608, range 25.0%–88.9%), the rate of known recurrence of the primary skin cancer lesion was 3.5% (n = 21/608, range 0.2%–100.0%), and the rate of known spine metastasis recurrence despite treatment for all skin malignancies was 2.8% (n = 17/608, range 0.0%–33.3%). Age greater than 65 years, sacral spinal involvement, presence of a neurological deficit, and nonambulatory status were associated with decreased survival in patients diagnosed with a primary skin cancer spinal metastasis. All other clinical or prognostic parameters were of low or insufficient strength. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with a primary skin cancer metastasis to the spine have poor overall survival with the exception of those with BCC. The median duration of survival for patients who received surgical intervention alone, medical management (chemotherapy and/or radiation) alone, or the combination of therapies was similar across interventions. Age, spinal region, and neurological status may be associated with poor survival following surgery.

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“…epidermal nevus syndrome) (3,28). Several other changes have been reported in verrucous epidermal nevi, such as Bowen's disease, verrucous and adnexal carcinomas (3,29), basal cell (30) and squamous cell carcinomas (31,32) within epidermal nevi. However, it has not yet been claryfi ed whether these represent age and/ or site-dependent diff erences in the same condition or diff erent nevi (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Treatment of Verrucous Epidermal Nevus by Radiofrequency Ablation: a Case Report

Ljubisavljević

Zlatanović

Milenkovic

et al. 2015

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Verrucous epidermal nevi are noninfl ammatory, congenital, cutaneous hamartomas composed of keratinocytes, abnormal clone(s) of cells that refl ect genetic mosaicism arising from different somatic mutations. Some of these mutations are well recognized, but some are still unidentifi ed. Molecular techniques are used for identifi cation and classifi cation of molecular causes of certain epidermal nevi, whereas all verrucous epidermal nevi are divided into epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic types. They are typically present at birth, but may appear during childhood, even later. Their prevalence in adults ranges from 0.1 to 0.5%, equally affecting both sexes, and about 1 in 1000 newborns. Warty, brown papules without infl ammation distinguish verrucous nevi from other epidermal nevi, while presence at birth and persistance distinguish verrucous epidermal nevi from linear viral warts. Epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic verrucous epidermal nevi are almost always hard to distinguish, except by histology. As a rule, verrucous epidermal nevi are asymptomatic, they have a benign course, except occasionally, and therapy is mostly used for cosmetic reasons. Simple excision is usually the treatment of choice. Topical agents are rarely curative, as well as surgery which is associated with relapses, unless both epidermis and the underlying dermis are removed or destroyed at the same time. We present a case of an otherwise healthy 21-year-old female patient, who presented with a solitary congenital verrucous caulifl ower-like lesion in the right zygomatic region of the face. The lesion was present from birth. Due to its gradual growth during years, the lesion became a great esthetic and functional problem for this young patient. There was no family history of similar or any other tumorous skin lesions in the family. On examination, the patient had a solitar unilateral, well defi ned yellowish caulifl ower-like verrucous lesion confi ned to the right malar side of the face. The lesion was distributed along the lines of Blaschko extending horizontally, from its wider 1.5 cm caulifl ower-like part on the right zygomatic region, towards its tail-like 0.5 cm thick end on the preauricular region, in approximately 3 cm long tail-like manner without crossing the midline. Since the patient refused biopsy, no exact differentiation between epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic nevi was possible. The diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevus was based on history and clinical presentation, as a diagnosis of exclusion. Due to the fact that patients with epidermolytic verrucous epidermal nevi are at risk of parenting a child with bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, the patient was counseled on this risk, and on the possibility of fi rst-trimester antenatal diagnosis. The lesion was successfully treated by radio-wave surgery.

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Fatal Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Evolving from a Localized Verrucous Epidermal Nevus

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

Upregulation of LINC00319 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Upregulation of LINC00319 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

A systematic review of clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with skin cancer spinal metastases

Treatment of Verrucous Epidermal Nevus by Radiofrequency Ablation: a Case Report

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