Fatal Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Due to Ingestion of Hydrofluoric Acid

Özsoy, Gamze; Kendirli, Tanıl; Ateş, Ufuk; Perk, Oktay; Azapağası, Ebru; Özcan, Kazım Serhan; Baran, Çağdaş; Göktüğ, Aytaç; Dindar, Hüseyin

doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001548

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most frequent exposure is by cutaneous contact with the aqueous solution, no matter if the skin is intact or damaged [ 28 ], [ 29 ], [ 30 ], [ 31 ], [ 32 ]; it could also be absorbed through eyes [ 33 ], [ 34 ]. Inhalation intoxication occurs not only from exposure to hydrogen fluoride gas [ 17 ], [ 35 ], but also from vapors arising from concentrated hydrogen fluoride liquid [ 20 ], [ 36 ], while ingestion [ 14 ], [ 37 ], [ 11 ] of even a small amount of this acid is likely to produce systemic effects and may be fatal [ 13 ], [ 16 ], [ 18 ], [ 38 ], [ 39 ].…”

Section: Corrosiveness and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special attention should be paid if intoxicated persons are children [ 13 ]. Because of their relatively larger surface area: body weight ratio, children are more vulnerable to the hydrofluoric acid absorbed through the skin.…”

Section: Corrosiveness and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the dental industry and every-day clinical practice, HF acid is used as an etchant agent for ceramic materials [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ]. Hydrofluoric acid can be found in consumer products for marble, brick and stone cleaning, as a rust removal, in automobile wheel cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, air conditioners cleaners, and as insecticides [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unintentional exposure to hydrofluoric acid or gases, with health consequences, may occur in case of inappropriate operation, inadequate protection, when having machine problems, explosion of HF containers and tanks, during the traffic accidents [ 1 ], and inattentive usage of household agents [ 10 ], while intentionally, in case of suicide [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 14 ] and murder. There are cases of intoxicated children when domestic cleaners, in appropriately stored, were accidentally ingested [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tissue damage and the degree of toxicity are determined by the acid concentration, the exposure time, the contaminated body surface area, the time elapsed between exposure and decontamination i.e. hospital care [ 21 ], [ 22 ], [ 23 ], and person’s age as well [ 13 ], [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrofluoric Acid: Burns and Systemic Toxicity, Protective Measures, Immediate and Hospital Medical Treatment

Valjakova

Korunoska-Stevkovska

Georgieva

et al. 2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND:Hydrofluoric acid is a commonly used chemical in many industrial branches, but it can also be found as an ingredient in household products such as cleaning agents. Possessing high corrosive potential, HF acid causes burns and tissue necrosis, while when absorbed and distributed through the bloodstream, its extremely high toxic potential is expressed. Acute symptoms are often followed by pain, particularly in the case of skin burns, which intensiveness does not often correlate with the expressiveness of the clinical findings. Even exposure to low-concentrated solutions or gasses, or low-doses of high-concentrated acid, may provoke delayed systemic disorder which may eventually have a lethal outcome.AIM:Therefore, having information regarding the possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid usage, a variety of symptoms, as well as a treatment approach, is of great importance in the case of HF exposure.METHODS:Available scientific articles published in literature databases, scientific reports and governmental recommendations from the internet websites, written in English, using the following search terms “Hydrofluoric acid, skin burns, eye injury, ingestion, inhalation, systemic toxicity, decontamination, antidote, medical treatment” have been reviewed.RESULTS:This review is useful not only for physicians but for everyone who may come in contact with a person exposed to HF acid.CONCLUSION:It highlights the mechanism of action, presents the acute and chronic symptoms, personal and general protective measures and devices that should be used, as well as decontamination procedures, immediate, antidote and hospital medical treatment.

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Section: Corrosiveness and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosiveness and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hydrofluoric Acid: Burns and Systemic Toxicity, Protective Measures, Immediate and Hospital Medical Treatment

Valjakova

Korunoska-Stevkovska

Georgieva

et al. 2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Hydrofluoric acid ingestions: Retrospective evaluations from cases reported to the National Poison Data System 2007–2017

Illg,

Carpenter,

Moran

et al. 2023

JACEP Open

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BackgroundHydrofluoric acid (HF) is associated with systemic toxicity, particularly with high‐concentration formulations. However, most existing data describe dermal exposures; there is a paucity of data related to outcomes after ingestions.ObjectiveTo determine the morbidity and mortality associated with HF ingestions as reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS). A secondary objective is to assess for clinical criteria that are associated with serious outcomes after HF ingestion.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of HF ingestions reported to the NPDS from 2007 to 2017. Data including patient demographics, exposure and caller sites, electrolyte abnormalities, treatments, and serious (moderate or major effect or death as documented in NPDS) and non‐serious outcomes were abstracted from case narratives. Cases meeting the criteria for a qualifiable HF ingestion were included in the study.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 653 HF ingestions reported to NPDS, of which 142 were included in the final data analysis. Most HF exposures occurred in men (68.3%), and the most common exposure site was at the exposed individual's own residence (78.2%). Nearly half of all exposures (46.5%) were due to transfer into a non‐labeled secondary storage container. Total of 45.8% of the cases resulted in a serious outcome. Electrolyte disturbances were associated with an increased risk of a serious outcome. Hypocalcemia was the most frequently reported electrolyte abnormality, occurring in 24.6% of cases. Nine (6.3%) individuals died.ConclusionsMortality after HF ingestion is low. However, a large cohort of exposures occurred after the transfer of HF to secondary containers. Targeted interventions to reduce this practice are necessary to decrease hazardous chemical exposures.

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