“…Importantly, however, much past work has revealed that the amount of time spent with one’s child does have unique positive outcomes for many domains of child development. Indeed, higher levels of father involvement have been linked to cognitive advances and early learning (Fagan & Iglesias, 1999; Ninio & Rinott, 1988; Nugent, 1991), greater academic achievement (Cooksey & Fondell, 1996; McBride, Schoppe-Sullivan, & Ho, 2005), increased socio-emotional competence (Forehand & Nousianien, 1993; Koestner, Franz, and Weinberger, 1990), fewer behavior problems (e.g., Aldous & Mulligan, 2002; Zimmerman, Salem, & Notaro, 2000), lower levels of depression and mental health problems (Boyce et al, 2006; Cookston & Finlay, 2006), and increased physical activity (Beets & Foley, 2008), among many others (see Flouri, 2005 for a review). Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis examining the effects of father involvement found significant positive effects of involvement on child development in social, cognitive, and mental health domains (Sakardi, Kristiannsson, Oberklaid, & Bremberg, 2008).…”