“…Asphalt pavement, as a common pavement form of high-grade highway, is usually composed of a bed course, subbase course, base course and asphalt concrete surface. Among them, the base assumed the role of drainage, pollution prevention and insulation, and it provided the bearing capacity of asphalt pavement together with the roadbed (Cui et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2023;Moreno-Navarro et al, 2022;Dong et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022a;Said Hicham Boukhalkhal et al, 2019;Katkhuda et al, 2017). However, in the actual project, the base is generally loose granular type and the side of the road shoulder cannot directly discharge the roadbed due to slope rain erosion, resulting in the drainage function into water storage function.…”