Fatigue of structures and materials in the 20th century and the state of the art

Abstract

Abstract:The paper surveys the historical development of scientific and engineering knowledge about fatigue of materials and structures in the 20 th century. This includes fatigue as a material phenomenon, prediction models for fatigue properties of structures, and load spectra. The review leads to an inventory of the present state of the art. Some final remarks follow in an epilogue.

Effect of saline corrosion environment on fatigue crack growth of 7475-T7351 aluminum alloy under TWIST flight loading

“…The use of the flight spectrum in fatigue crack propagation studies has enabled the influence of levels of fatigue stress life to be evaluated through the reconstruction of crack growth, as well as the development and application of mathematical models based on crack retardation and acceleration phenomena [1,3,14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. …”

“…In aircraft structures, fatigue failures occur mainly due to random loading, with the most critical stresses located in the lower region of the wings [1][2][3]. The accumulation of damage to which these materials are subjected due to this type of loading favors crack tip damage, which directly affects the behavior of the material under fatigue.…”

“…Studies show that for metallic alloys, particularly aluminum, a NaCl-based corrosive medium tends to promote both retardation and acceleration of crack growth [1,12,[14][15][16]. It has been found that the result of corrosion may induce not only crack tip closure but also embrittlement due to the entry of hydrogen into the interstices of the alloy.…”

Railway fatigue failures: an overview of a long standing problem

“…The fatigue process itself will not be discussed in detail: many excellent books and reviews are readily available [7][8][9].…”

Correction factors for stress intensity of CFRP-strengthened wide-flange steel beams with various crack configurations

“…Fatigue is known as a critical attribute to deteriorating constructed steel bridges, including progressive crack propagation [1]. Timely rehabilitation can avert the catastrophic failure of the damaged system, thereby warranting sustainable performance.…”