Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Cold-Pressed Marionberry, Boysenberry, Red Raspberry, and Blueberry Seed Oils

Abstract

Cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, tocopherol profile, total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability index (OSI), peroxide value, and antioxidant properties. All tested seed oils contained significant levels of alpha-linolenic acid ranging from 19.6 to 32.4 g per 100 g of oil, along with a low ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (1.64-3.99). The total carotenoid content ranged from 12.5 to 30.0 micromoles per kg oil. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid compound in all tested berry seed oils, along with beta-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Total tocopherol was 260.6-2276.9 mumoles per kg oil, including alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols. OSI values were 20.07, 20.30, and 44.76 h for the marionberry, red raspberry, and boysenberry seed oils, respectively. The highest TPC of 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of oil was observed in the red raspberry seed oil, while the strongest oxygen radical absorbance capacity was in boysenberry seed oil extract (77.9 micromol trolox equivalents per g oil). All tested berry seed oils directly reacted with and quenched DPPH radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that the cold-pressed berry seed oils may serve as potential dietary sources of tocopherols, carotenoids, and natural antioxidants.

Yellow passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa): physical and chemical characteristics

“…However, the β-tocopherol was detected only in trace quantity. Regarding phenolic compounds, the concentration found in the passion fruit seed oil (1,314.13 mg EAG /kg) was comparable to that found in other vegetable oils, such as oils extracted from blueberry, raspberry and blackberry seeds (Parry et al 2005). Oliveira et al (2009) determined the total phenolic concentration in methanol extracts from the passion fruit waste (pulp, skin and seeds) and found 41.2 mg EAG/g dry extract.…”

Bioactive Compounds of Cold-pressed Thyme (<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>) Oil with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

“…The antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds is mainly due to their redox properties and is the result of various mechanisms: radical scavenging activity, transition metal chelating activity, and/or singlet oxygen quenching capacity 43 . Total phenolic amount of TO was higher than that of 1.73-2.0 mg GAE/g oil for the red raspberry, blueberry and boysenberry cold pressed seed oils, and that of 1.8-3.4 mg GAE/g oil for the parsley, onion, cardamom, mullein and milk thistle cold pressed seed oils 38,39 . On the other hand, tocols levels in oils may have a great effect on their RSA.…”

“…Both fatty acids accounted for 82 of the total FAME. TO contained high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids MUFA, 40.1 g/100 g total FAME which is comparable to the hemp, cranberry, blueberry, onion and milk thistle cold pressed seed oils but was much lower than that of 81 and 82 in the carrot and parsley cold pressed oils 37,38 . TO had a polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA content of 43.7 g/100 g of total fatty acids Table 2 .…”

Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay

“…This method is easy and applies to measure the overall antioxidant capacity (Prakash 2001) and the free radical scavenging activity of fruit and vegetable juices (Sendra et al 2006). This assay has been successfully utilized for investigating antioxidant properties of wheat grain and bran, vegetables, conjugated linoleic acids, herbs, edible seed oils, and flours in several different solvent systems including ethanol, aqueous acetone, methanol, aqueous alcohol and benzene (Yu 2001;Parry et al 2005). It is a convenient method for the antioxidant assay of cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol and polyhydroxy aromatic compounds (Masahiro et al 2005), for olive oil, fruits, juices and wines (Sanchez-Moreno 2002).…”