Fatty acid synthesis in developing leaves of <i>Brassica napus</i> in relation to leaf growth and changes in activity of 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP reductase

O’Hara, P.; Slabas, Antoni R.; Fawcett, Tony

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02406-6

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In plants, heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase are involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, occurring in plastids and resulting in acyl-ACP moieties that are 16 or 18 carbons long (O'Hara et al, 2001). In ipe1 anthers, the expression of two genes (GRMZM2G124335 and GRMZM2G072205) involved in fatty acid biosynthesis was decreased (Table II).…”

Section: Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild-type and Ipe1 Anthersmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRREGULAR POLLEN EXINE1 Is a Novel Factor in Anther Cuticle and Pollen Exine Formation

et al. 2016

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-4656-3189 (H.S.); 0000-0003-0518-5924 (C.Z.); 0000-0001-9320-9628 (W.J.).Anther cuticle and pollen exine are protective barriers for pollen development and fertilization. Despite that several regulators have been identified for anther cuticle and pollen exine development in rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), few genes have been characterized in maize (Zea mays) and the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a novel male-sterile mutant in maize, irregular pollen exine1 (ipe1), which exhibited a glossy outer anther surface, abnormal Ubisch bodies, and defective pollen exine. Using map-based cloning, the IPE1 gene was isolated as a putative glucose-methanolcholine oxidoreductase targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. Transcripts of IPE1 were preferentially accumulated in the tapetum during the tetrad and early uninucleate microspore stage. A biochemical assay indicated that ipe1 anthers had altered constituents of wax and a significant reduction of cutin monomers and fatty acids. RNA sequencing data revealed that genes implicated in wax and flavonoid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and elongation were differentially expressed in ipe1 mutant anthers. In addition, the analysis of transfer DNA insertional lines of the orthologous gene in Arabidopsis suggested that IPE1 and their orthologs have a partially conserved function in male organ development. Our results showed that IPE1 participates in the putative oxidative pathway of C16/C18 v-hydroxy fatty acids and controls anther cuticle and pollen exine development together with MALE STERILITY26 and MALE STERILITY45 in maize.Male sterility is a common biological phenomenon in plants and widely used in the production of hybrid seeds, which can reduce costs and enhance seed purity (Tester and Langridge, 2010). According to inheritance or origin, male sterility includes three types: genic male sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility, and cytoplasmicgenic male sterility (Rhee et al., 2015). The generation of mature pollen grains relies on anther development. The start of anther formation occurs in differentiated flower tissues (floral meristem), which consist of three histogenic layers: L1, L2, and L3. After continuous cell division and differentiation, L1 forms the epidermis and the L3 layer develops into the stomium and vascular bundles. L2 is the most important layer; it undergoes a series of periclinal and anticlinal divisions and eventually grows into the endothecium, the middle layer, the tapetum, and the pollen mother cells. When anther morphogenesis is completed, the anther has centrally localized pollen mother cells enclosed by four somatic layers, which are, from the surface to the interior, the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. Then, the pollen mother cells undergo meiosis and mitosis, resulting in trinucleate pollen grains, and the endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum are gradually degraded (Goldberg et al., 1993(Goldberg et al., , 1995Ma, 2005).The anther cuticle and poll...

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Section: Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild-type and Ipe1 Anthersmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRREGULAR POLLEN EXINE1 Is a Novel Factor in Anther Cuticle and Pollen Exine Formation

et al. 2016

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“…In ams, the expression of 30 genes encoding enzymes putatively involved in lipid synthesis was altered (29 downregulated and one upregulated). In planta, de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in plastids using two enzyme systems (i.e., heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase), which result in acyl-ACP moieties that are 16 or 18 carbons long (O'Hara et al, 2001). The activity of acyl-CoA synthetase has been shown to vary coincidentally with levels of fatty acids during lipid accumulation in rice seed (Ichihara et al, 2003).…”

Section: Expression Changes Of Genes Involved In Pollen Wall Formatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

The ABORTED MICROSPORES Regulatory Network Is Required for Postmeiotic Male Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2010

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The Arabidopsis thaliana ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is required for tapetal cell development and postmeiotic microspore formation. However, the regulatory role of AMS in anther and pollen development has not been fully defined. Here, we show by microarray analysis that the expression of 549 anther-expressed genes was altered in ams buds and that these genes are associated with tapetal function and pollen wall formation. We demonstrate that AMS has the ability to bind in vitro to DNA containing a 6-bp consensus motif, CANNTG. Moreover, 13 genes involved in transportation of lipids, oligopeptides, and ions, fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, flavonol accumulation, substrate oxidation, methyl-modification, and pectin dynamics were identified as direct targets of AMS by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The functional importance of the AMS regulatory pathway was further demonstrated by analysis of an insertional mutant of one of these downstream AMS targets, an ABC transporter, WhiteBrown Complex homolog, which fails to undergo pollen development and is male sterile. Yeast two-hybrid screens and pulldown assays revealed that AMS has the ability to interact with two bHLH proteins (AtbHLH089 and AtbHLH091) and the ATA20 protein. These results provide insight into the regulatory role of the AMS network during anther development.

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“…In tdr, the expression of 22 genes encoding putative enzymes possibly involved in lipid metabolism was altered (10 downregulated and 12 up-regulated; Table 3). In plants, de-novo biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in plastids using two enzyme systems, namely heteromeric acetyl-Co-A carboxylase (ACCase) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), which results in acyl-ACP moieties that are 16 or 18 carbons long (O'Hara et al, 2001). Beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase is linked to FAS in reducing beta-ketoacyl-CoA to beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA (Fehling and Mukherjee, 1991).…”

Section: Tdr Regulates Lipid Metabolism During Pollen Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapetum Degeneration Retardation is Critical for Aliphatic Metabolism and Gene Regulation during Rice Pollen Development

et al. 2008

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As a complex wall system in flowering plants, the pollen outer wall mainly contains aliphatic sporopollenin; however, the mechanism for synthesizing these lipidic precursors during pollen development remains less well understood. Here, we report on the function of the rice tapetum-expressing TDR (Tapetum Degeneration Retardation) gene in aliphatic metabolism and its regulatory role during rice pollen development. The observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses suggested that pollen wall formation was significantly altered in the tdr mutant. The contents of aliphatic compositions of anther were greatly changed in the tdr mutant revealed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) testing, particularly less accumulated in fatty acids, primary alcohols, alkanes and alkenes, and an abnormal increase in secondary alcohols with carbon lengths from C29 to C35 in tdr. Microarray data revealed that a group of genes putatively involved in lipid transport and metabolism were significantly altered in the tdr mutant, indicating the critical role of TDR in the formation of the pollen wall. Also, a wide range of genes (236 in total-154 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated) exhibited statistically significant expressional differences between wild-type and tdr. In addition to its function in promoting tapetum PCD, TDR possibly plays crucial regulatory roles in several basic biological processes during rice pollen development.

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Fatty acid synthesis in developing leaves of Brassica napus in relation to leaf growth and changes in activity of 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP reductase

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

IRREGULAR POLLEN EXINE1 Is a Novel Factor in Anther Cuticle and Pollen Exine Formation

IRREGULAR POLLEN EXINE1 Is a Novel Factor in Anther Cuticle and Pollen Exine Formation

The ABORTED MICROSPORES Regulatory Network Is Required for Postmeiotic Male Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tapetum Degeneration Retardation is Critical for Aliphatic Metabolism and Gene Regulation during Rice Pollen Development

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