Fault and attack management in optical networks

Abstract

This paper proposes fault(attack) detection and localization scheme to handle multiple failures(attacks) in the optical network using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology. This proposed scheme is two-phased scheme containing (a) the detection of faults(attacks) through monitoring devices raising alarms (fault or attack detection) and (h) subsequently the localization of these faults or attacks (fault or attack localization) by invoking an algorithm. The later phase will obtain a set of potential faulty(attacked) nodes (links). Next the scheme locates the exact faulty(attacked) node(link) by the process of sending and receiving signals. I have demonstrated the performance of the scheme on 14-node NSFNet and 28-node EuroNet. Next I have compared this scheme with an existing algorithm [I] for locating faulty nodes (links). The proposed scheme outperforms the existing one.

Environmental Flow Assessment of Gorai River in Bangladesh: A comparative analysis of different hydrological methods

“…It is expected that the Ganges Treaty between Bangladesh and India will be renewed in 2026, where EF of Gorai River can be considered as a key parameter to ensure the minimum flow at downstream. Although some researches on environmental flow are available for other rivers of Bangladesh ( Smakhtin and Anputhas, 2006 ; Hossain, 2010 ; Hossain et al., 2016 ; Bari and Marchand, 2006 ; Rahman, 1998 ; Pal et al., 2009 ; Zobeyer, 2004 ; Akter, 2010 ), EF has not been extensively studied for Gorai River. Due to geographical position, the rivers in Bangladesh have to face huge volume of flows in wet season and very low flow in dry season.…”