“…This FIS-based method senses a fault and identifies a defective segment within a short time, which clarifies the supremacy of the FIS-based method over other methods. In [25] , a fault detection based on FIS in MT-HVDC system is proposed, but more consideration and fault classification tasks are not reported. In [32] , a fault identification scheme in HVDC line based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and gramian angular field (GAF) is proposed.…”