This paper deals with a 12-phase synchronous generator with open-circuit fault of diode rectifier. Considering all space harmonics of air-gap magnetic field and the changing circuit topology, the mathematical model of the system is established based on the multiloop theory of machine. A series of experiments have been conducted on a 4-kW 12-phase synchronous model machine. The acceptable agreement between the simulated and experimental result validates the modeling process. Based on the analysis, the features of the open-circuit fault of rectifier are summarized. Finally, the algorithm of DC voltage odd harmonic detection is raised.