Fault stability inferred from granite sliding experiments at hydrothermal conditions

Blanpied, Michael L.; Lockner, D. A.; Byerlee, J. D.

doi:10.1029/91gl00469

Cited by 331 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This velocity weakening continues for over 4 orders of magnitude in strain rate. This effect is at least an order of magnitude larger than reported in experiments in experiments on pure quartz gouges or bare rock surfaces of granite [e.g., Blanpied et al, 1991Blanpied et al, , 1998Chester, 1994;Kilgore et al, 1993]. Eventually, the model predicts a velocity-independent strength equal to the frictional strength of pure muscovite gouges.…”

Section: Application To Naturementioning

confidence: 63%

A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate‐bearing fault gouges

2007

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[1] Previous rotary shear experiments, performed on a halite-muscovite fault gouge analogue system have shown that the presence of phyllosilicates, under conditions favoring the operation of cataclasis and pressure solution in the matrix phase, can have major effects on the frictional behavior of gouges. While 100% halite and 100% muscovite samples exhibit rate-independent frictional/brittle behavior, the strength of mixtures containing 10-30% muscovite is both normal stress and sliding velocitydependent. At high sliding velocities (>1 mm s À1 ), such mixtures show unusually marked velocity weakening, along with the development of a structureless, cataclastic microstructure. In the present paper, a micromechanical model is developed in an attempt to explain this behavior. The model assumes a granular flow process involving competition between intergranular dilatation and compaction by pressure solution. The predictions of the model agree favorably with the experimental results. Extension of the model to quartz-mica systems implies that the presence of phyllosilicates plus the operation of pressure solution can strongly promote (unstable) velocity-weakening behavior at rapid slip rates on natural faults, under midcrustal conditions. Static stress drop predictions based on the model agree reasonably well with estimates from seismic observations. Our results may help explain the discrepancy between laboratory-derived rate-and-state friction parameter values, obtained for dry, low-strain and/or single-phase rock systems, and the values for natural fault rocks inferred from seismological data.Citation: Niemeijer, A. R., and C. J. Spiers (2007), A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate-bearing fault gouges,

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Section: Application To Naturementioning

confidence: 63%

A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate‐bearing fault gouges

2007

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“…Waverley, Victoria, Australia. PAGEOPH, stability on natural faults (TsE and RICE, 1986;MARONE and SCHOLZ, 1988;BLANPIED et al, 1991), (3) the critical slip distance of seismic faulting (DIETERICH, 1986;SCHOLZ, 1988), and (4) the relation between seismic and postseismic phenomena (RICE and Gc, 1983;. In spite of this, we know little about the underlying physics controlling rate and state dependent rock friction and thus the parameters of these laws remain empirical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coulomb constitutive laws for friction: Contrasts in frictional behavior for distributed and localized shear

Marone

Hobbs

Ord

1992

PAGEOPH

105

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Abstract--We describe slip-rate dependent friction laws based on the Coulomb failure criteria. Frictional rate dependence is attributed to a rate dependence of cohesion c and friction angle qS. We show that differences in the stress states developed during sliding result in different Coulomb friction taws for distributed shear within a thick gouge layer versus localized shear within a narrow shear band or between bare rock surfaces. For shear within gouge, shear strength is given by 9 = e cos ~b + an sin qS, whereas for shear between bare rock surfaces the shear strength is ~ = e + a n tan ~b, where z and a~ are shear and normal stress, respectively. In the context of rate-dependent Coulomb friction laws, these differences mean that for a given material and rate dependence of the Coulomb parameters, pervasive shear may exhibit velocity strengthening frictional behavior while localized shear exhibits velocity weakening behavior. We derive from experimental data the slip-rate dependence and evolution of c and q~ for distributed and localized shear. The data show a positive rate dependence for distributed shear and a negative rate dependence for localized shear, indicating that the rate dependence of c and ~b are not the same for distributed and localized shear, even after accounting for differences in stress state. Our analysis is consistent with the well-known association of instability with shear localization in simulated fault gouge and the observation that bare rock surfaces exhibit predominantly velocity weakening frictional behavior whereas simulated fault gouge exhibits velocity strengthening followed by a transition to velocity weakening with increasing displacement. Natural faults also exhibit displacement dependent frictional behavior and thus the results may prove useful in understanding the seismic evolution of faulting.

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“…A candidate for the cause of seismic re-activation is cooling of intrusive magma under Usu-Shinzan. The temperature dependency of friction has been confirmed by laboratory experiments for wet fault gouge (Blanpied et al, 1991). Generally speaking, a fault slips intermittently and causes earthquakes at low ambient temperature, but at high temperature, the fault moves aseismically.…”

Section: -2 Interpretation Of the Crustal Activity Under The Summitmentioning

confidence: 56%

Inter-eruptive volcanism at Usu volcano: Micro-earthquakes and dome subsidence

Aoyama

Onizawa

Kobayashi

et al. 2009

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Fault stability inferred from granite sliding experiments at hydrothermal conditions

Cited by 331 publications

References 12 publications

A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate‐bearing fault gouges

A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate‐bearing fault gouges

Coulomb constitutive laws for friction: Contrasts in frictional behavior for distributed and localized shear

Inter-eruptive volcanism at Usu volcano: Micro-earthquakes and dome subsidence

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