Faunal Biodiversity of Tetragnathidae (Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in India

Faunal Biodiversity of Lycosidae (Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in India: An Updated Checklist

“…It happened because such contents become outdated quickly and, due to their perceived comprehensiveness, readers sometimes overlook newer sources of data. Additionally, the researches on spider taxonomy are continued with the description of new taxa, their modified status, and the publication of other nomenclatural decisions (Singh, 2021 a, b;Singh, 2020, 2021;WSC, 2021). If a spider species is identified only up to a generic level, it was considered as species if no other species of that genus is reported within the state.…”

“…For example, Canada has a cold climate and has relatively limited biodiversity, yet 1,477 species of spiders belonging to 45 families are recorded (Bennett et al, 2019) while India has a very rich biodiversity, a tropical climate with biodiversity hotspots, and the manpower to conduct biodiversity surveys, but the best account so far lists only 1,859 species belonging to 477 genera (Caleb and Sankaran, 2021). Recently, the species distribution and checklist of 55 families of spiders have been updated in India (Sharma et al, a, b, 2021Singh, 2021 a, b;Singh, 2020, 2021;Singh et al, a, b, c, d, e, f, 2021Tiwari et al, 2021 a, b).…”

“…Spiders are mostly entomophagous and are among the most abundant biocontrol/natural agents in many agroecosystems, still their role in biological control programme is still disputed because they not only consume pest populations but also other biocontrol agents (predators/ parasitoids) and thus may hamper the biocontrol programme of the pests caused by those bioagents (Singh, 2021 a, b). However, in irrigated rice at the early crop stages, the natural control of insect population is mainly attributed to spiders and the most abundant spiders assessed across the cropping season are wolf spiders next to long-jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) (Barrion and Litsinger, 1984;Huang et al, 2018).…”

“…regarding the Indian Lycosidae is insufficient and highly incoherent primarily due to the unexplored diversity of these spiders in several parts of the country like other families of spiders (Sharma et al, a, b, 2021Singh, 2021a, b;Singh, 2020, 2021;Singh et al, a, b, c, d, e, f, 2021Tiwari et al, 2021 a, b). There are several species of these spiders yet to be described and several species recorded from India have also been misidentified as they are said to be identified by using existing old literatures without a re-examination of the corresponding types and without consulting any spider taxonomist (Singh, 2021 a, b). Hence, these reports need re-examination.…”

An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Rajasthan, India

“…For synonymy and endemism of valid spider species, the following may be referred to for 25 families of spiders recorded in Rajasthan, e.g. Araneidae Clerck, 1757 (Singh and Singh, 2021a), Cheiracanthiidae Wagner, 1887 (Singh et al, 2020a), Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 (Singh BB et al, 2020), Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 (Sharma et al, 2021), Eresidae C. L. Koch, 1845 (Sharma et al, 2021), Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892 (Singh and Singh, 2021e), Hersiliidae Thorell, 1869 (Singh et al, 2020b), Liocranidae Simon, 1897 (Sharma et al, 2020b), Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 (Singh, 2021a), Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862 (Sharma et al, 2020b), Oxyopidae Thorell, 1869 (Singh, 2021b), Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 (Singh and Singh, 2021f), Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850 (Tiwari et al, 2021a), Pisauridae Simon, 1890 (Tiwari and Singh, 2021), Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 (Singh et al, 2020c;f), Scytodidae Blackwall, 1864 (Singh BB et al, 2021), Sicariidae Keyserling, 1880 (Tiwari et al, 2021b), Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 (Singh, 2021c), Stenochilidae Thorell, 1873 (Tiwari et al, 2021b), Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 (Singh, 2021d), Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Singh, 2021e), Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 (Singh and Singh, 2021g), Titanoecidae Lehtinen, 1967 (Singh and Singh, 2021h), Uloboridae Thorell, 1869 (Singh and Singh, 2021h), and Zodariidae Thorell, 1881 (Singh and Singh, 2021h).…”