FD, a bZIP Protein Mediating Signals from the Floral Pathway Integrator FT at the Shoot Apex

Abe, Mitsutomo; Kobayashi, Yasushi; Yamamoto, Sumiko; Daimon, Yasufumi; Yamaguchi, Ayako; Ikeda, Yoko; Ichinoki, Harutaka; Notaguchi, Michitaka; Goto, Koji; Araki, Takashi

doi:10.1126/science.1115983

Cited by 1,387 publications

(1,354 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This indicates that VEG1 acts downstream of VEG2 and GIGAS and suggests that they participate in the activation of VEG1 expression. This seems particularly likely for GIGAS 16 , in view of the fact that its Arabidopsis homologue FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a direct activator of the floral identity genes AP1 and FUL [32][33][34][35] , which are MADS-box genes from the same lineage as VEG1 (Supplementary Fig. S3).…”

Section: Veg1 Is Required To Make Secondary Inflorescencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGETATIVE1 is essential for development of the compound inflorescence in pea

et al. 2012

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unravelling the basis of variation in inflorescence architecture is important to understanding how the huge diversity in plant form has been generated. Inflorescences are divided between simple, as in Arabidopsis, with flowers directly formed at the main primary inflorescence axis, and compound, as in legumes, where they are formed at secondary or even higher order axes. The formation of secondary inflorescences predicts a novel genetic function in the development of the compound inflorescences. Here we show that in pea this function is controlled by VEGETATIVE1 (VEG1), whose mutation replaces secondary inflorescences by vegetative branches. We identify VEG1 as an AGL79-like mADs-box gene that specifies secondary inflorescence meristem identity. VEG1 misexpression in meristem identity mutants causes ectopic secondary inflorescence formation, suggesting a model for compound inflorescence development based on antagonistic interactions between VEG1 and genes conferring primary inflorescence and floral identity. our study defines a novel mechanism to generate inflorescence complexity.

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Section: Veg1 Is Required To Make Secondary Inflorescencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGETATIVE1 is essential for development of the compound inflorescence in pea

et al. 2012

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“…The time for maturation (flowering) [induced by a florigen from leaves e.g. in Arabidopsis and possibly in rice and other plants (Abe et al, 2005)] determines the duration available for the plant to harvest the photosynthate in its life span and thereby correlates well with plant height and grain yield. Respiration is considered to affect biomass as it uses up the reserves/photosynthate (Cannell and Thornley, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

Sitaramam

Bhate

Kamalraj

et al. 2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Role of respiration in plant growth remains an enigma. Growth of meristematic cells, which are not photosynthetic, is entirely driven by endogenous respiration. Does respiration determine growth and size or does it merely burn off the carbon depleting the biomass? We show here that respiration of the germinating rice seed, which is contributed largely by the meristematic cells of the embryo, quantitatively correlates with the dynamics of much of plant growth, starting with the time for germination to the time for flowering and yield. Seed respiration appears to define the quantitative phenotype that contributes to yield via growth dynamics that could be discerned even in commercial varieties, which are biased towards higher yield, despite considerable susceptibility of the dynamics to environmental perturbations. Intrinsic variation, irreducible despite stringent growth conditions, required independent validation of relevant physiological variables both by critical sampling design and by constructing dendrograms for the interrelationships between variables that yield high consensus. More importantly, seed respiration, by mediating the generation clock time via variable time for maturation as seen in rice, directly offers the plausible basis for the phenotypic variation, a major ecological stratagem in a variable environment with uncertain water availability. Faster respiring rice plants appear to complete growth dynamics sooner, mature faster, resulting in a smaller plant with lower yield. Counter to the common allometric views, respiration appears to determine size in the rice plant, and offers a valid physiological means, within the limits of intrinsic variation, to help parental selection in breeding.

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“…Therefore, increased CO protein promotes expression of FT only under LD. FT moves through phloem to the meristem, where it associates with FD, and the FT-FD complex activates expression of SOC1 and downstream floral identity genes, such as AP1 and LFY, to promote flowering (Abe et al, 2005;Corbesier et al, 2007;Michaels et al, 2005;Wigge et al, 2005;Yoo et al, 2005). However, in SD, CO protein peaks in the dark, where it is degraded through the COP1-SPA complex, resulting in a delayed flowering response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

et al. 2016

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Flowering in plants is a dynamic and synchronized process where various cues including age, day length, temperature and endogenous hormones fine-tune the timing of flowering for reproductive success. Arabidopsis thaliana is a facultative long day (LD) plant where LD photoperiod promotes flowering. Arabidopsis still flowers under shortday (SD) conditions, albeit much later than in LD conditions. Although factors regulating the inductive LD pathway have been extensively investigated, the non-inductive SD pathway is much less understood. Here, we identified a key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor called NFL (NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY) that is essential to induce flowering specifically under SD conditions in Arabidopsis. nfl mutants do not flower under SD conditions, but flower similar to the wild type under LD conditions. The no-flowering phenotype in SD is rescued either by exogenous application of gibberellin (GA) or by introducing della quadruple mutants in the nfl background, suggesting that NFL acts upstream of GA to promote flowering. NFL is expressed at the meristematic regions and NFL is localized to the nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR assays using apical tissues showed that GA biosynthetic genes are downregulated and the GA catabolic and receptor genes are upregulated in the nfl mutant compared with the wild type, consistent with the perturbation of the endogenous GA biosynthetic and catabolic intermediates in the mutant. Taken together, these data suggest that NFL is a key transcription factor necessary for promotion of flowering under non-inductive SD conditions through the GA signaling pathway.

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FD, a bZIP Protein Mediating Signals from the Floral Pathway Integrator FT at the Shoot Apex

Cited by 1,387 publications

References 22 publications

VEGETATIVE1 is essential for development of the compound inflorescence in pea

VEGETATIVE1 is essential for development of the compound inflorescence in pea

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

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