2012
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200276
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Feasibility of electroextraction as versatile sample preconcentration for fast and sensitive analysis of urine metabolites, demonstrated on acylcarnitines

Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of electroextraction (EE) to urine metabolites. To investigate which urine metabolite classes are susceptible to EE, off-line EE experiments were carried out with a prototype device, in which urine metabolites were electroextracted from ethyl acetate into water. The obtained extracts were examined with direct infusion MS and the results demonstrated that several compound classes could be extracted, amongst which amino acids and acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitines were … Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…5. The highest EFs were achieved using EE, which was applied to extract peptides from plasma [28] and EE, which was applied to extract acylcarnitines from urine [29]. These high EFs were achieved by having nearly exhaustive extraction for selected target compounds combined with the fact that the donor volume was 1000 times larger than the acceptor volume.…”
Section: Hyphenation Of Eme and Ee: An Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…5. The highest EFs were achieved using EE, which was applied to extract peptides from plasma [28] and EE, which was applied to extract acylcarnitines from urine [29]. These high EFs were achieved by having nearly exhaustive extraction for selected target compounds combined with the fact that the donor volume was 1000 times larger than the acceptor volume.…”
Section: Hyphenation Of Eme and Ee: An Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The system with the fastest total analysis time reported the extraction of drugs from whole blood [37], taking 5 min for EME and 5.5 min for separation. The range of voltages applied span several orders of magnitude, from 1.5 V [38] to 300 V [39] for EME and 300 V [30] to 15 kV [28,29] for EE. The 1.5 V for EME [38] was chosen due to the fact that the extraction took place over an ionic liquid-based membrane, which typically has a lower resistance than commonly used SLM solvents.…”
Section: Hyphenation Of Eme and Ee: An Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…TMAO, choline betaine, l-carnitine, and deoxy-l-carnitine, as quaternary ammonium compounds, are excellent candidates for EME due to their permanent positive charge. Indeed, acylcarnitines have been already successfully extracted by electroextraction [23][24][25]. However, the EME set-ups described are not suited for high throughput workflows necessary for large cohort studies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%