Featuring the Hall effect and variable thermal conductivity on magnetized hybrid nanoliquid flow for three distinct shapes of nanoparticles: A comparative study

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to capture the circumstances of variable thermal conductivity and the Hall effect on the three-dimensional rotating flow of hybrid nanofluid towards a bidirectional stretching sheet. The hybrid nanofluid is made by suspending nanometer-sized copper (Cu) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles in the base liquid water (H 2 O). The sheet is immersed in a Darcy porous medium. The flow is induced by both stretching of the sheet and thermal buoyancy force due to free convection. Further, nonlinear thermal radiation, frictional and Joule heating are prevalent in the temperature field. The surface boundary also imposes two constraints, namely velocity slip and convective heating. Another aspect of this analysis is to examine the impact of different shapes of copper and alumina nanoparticles on temperature distribution. For that, three variants, namely, spherical, blade, and lamina of nanoparticles shape, are considered. The resulting nonlinear differential equations are tackled by using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg and secant methods-based shooting technique. A detailed discussion on the physical impacts of various relevant parameters over velocity, temperature, local skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number is carried out with the help of graphs. Primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluid are accelerated for growing values of Hall current parameter, whereas the reverse trend is noticed w.r.t. velocity slip and suction parameters. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid temperature profile has a direct relation with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation parameters. This research may have important applications in high-and low-temperature operations, paints, space technologies, medications, cosmetics, conductive coatings, and so forth.