Federated Learning for Digital Twin-Based Vehicular Networks: Architecture and Challenges

Khan, Latif U.; Mustafa, Ehzaz; Shuja, Junaid; Rehman, Faisal; Bilal, Kashif; Han, Zhu; Hong, Choong Seon

doi:10.1109/mwc.012.2200373

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is a need to deploy AI approaches with lower power consumption to optimize predictions for maximizing energy conservation. Recently, FL based DT modeling is explored in 6G DTNs [146]. FL has the ability to train the model locally and transmit local model parameters to the server for aggregation.…”

Section: ) Precision Modelling and Energy Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Revolutionizing Connectivity Through Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Twin Network in 6G

Sheraz,

Chuah,

Lee

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The deployment of 5G has exposed capacity constraints in realizing the key vision of the Internet of Everything (IoE). Therefore, the researchers are exploring potentials of Digital Twin Network (DTN) in wireless networks. DTN is a novel technology to create virtual replicas of physical environment for testing, optimizing, and managing wireless networks. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and DTN appears to be a promising approach to address communication systems by providing an efficient environment for testing and improving AI models before deployment in real networks for effective network management, optimal resource allocation, and precise behavior prediction. Therefore, AI-enabled DTN in 6G represents a compelling avenue to address multifaceted challenges faced by wireless networks. In this comprehensive work, we offer a holistic survey that delves into the state-of-the-art approaches for AIenabled DTNs in 6G. Firstly, we discuss the evolution of wireless networks and concept of AI-enabled DTN in 6G. Secondly, we discuss the role of AI-enabled DTN in 6G and driving advancements in fundamental components of 6G including resource allocation, caching, data offloading, and data security. Thirdly, we conduct a detailed discussion on key enabling technologies for realizing the capabilities of AI-enabled DTN in 6G. Fourthly, several applications of AI-enabled DTN in 6G are discussed for the practical relevance and significance in various industries such as smart cities, healthcare, and transportation etc. Finally, we provide lessons learned and highlight existing challenges and research directions to embark on further research efforts in the realm of AI-enabled DTN in 6G.INDEX TERMS Digital twin networks (DTNs), 6G, artificial intelligence (AI), caching, resource allocation, data offloading, security, enabling technologies, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), mmWave, THz.

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Section: ) Precision Modelling and Energy Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Revolutionizing Connectivity Through Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Twin Network in 6G

Sheraz,

Chuah,

Lee

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Recently, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently manage registration by predicting the UE's moving direction in advance. In addition, new schemes to utilize artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms using training data on the UE mobility characteristics have been proposed [22,23]. categorized into zone-based [10][11][12][13], distance-based [14,15], movement-based [16,17], timer-based [18,19], and mobility prediction-based [20].…”

Section: Two-zone System With Timer (2z_timer System)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies can be categorized into zone-based [10][11][12][13], distance-based [14,15], movement-based [16,17], timerbased [18,19], and mobility prediction-based [20]. In particular, new mobility management schemes for various moving devices beyond 5G and 6G have been recently discussed [21][22][23]. In Table 1, assuming a square-shaped RA, the registration occurrence points in each scheme are compared when the UE moves from s to t. The major advantages and limitations of the schemes are also examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently manage registration by predicting the UE's moving direction in advance. In addition, new schemes to utilize artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms using training data on the UE mobility characteristics have been proposed [22,23]. characteristic of staying in the RA for a long time and trying to initiate calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Jang,

Baek

2023

Electronics

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Numerous studies have been conducted on wireless communication networks to reduce the costs associated with location registration and paging traffic caused by the movement of user equipment (UE). Among them, a zone-based registration scheme is commonly used due to its convenience of implementation. In a zone-based scheme, a set of non-overlapping cells are managed as a single zone called a registration area (RA). The UE requests registration each time it enters a new RA. The most significant drawback of the 1Z system (an RA consisting of one zone) is the degradation in the service quality due to the registration traffic that frequently occurs at the RA boundaries. To overcome this drawback, a 2Z system that can manage two zones with one RA has been proposed. However, in the 2Z system, the paging costs for the UE that has returned to the previous zone increase, which can significantly degrade the performance compared to the 1Z system if the call-to-mobility ratio (CMR) is large or if the probability of returning to the previous zone is small. In this study, a new 2Z_Timer scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the 2Z system. This method involves initiating a Timer for the previously visited zone when the UE enters a new zone, making it possible to retain the information of the previous zone for a specified threshold period. Simulations were conducted using flowchart-based RAPTOR software to compare its performance to those of the 1Z and 2Z systems. The results showed that the 2Z_Timer system effectively reduced the paging costs, even when the CMR was high or the probability of returning to the previous zone was low. Numerical results for various Timer thresholds showed that the 2Z_Timer system could lead to cost reductions of 10.6% and 28.6% compared to the 1Z and 2Z systems, respectively.

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“…Utilizing Blockchain technology for land management is worthwhile due to its decentralized, distributed structure [9]. This technology removes the need for a third party to secure each transaction, increasing transaction traceability [10], [11]. Moreover, Blockchain eliminates the issue of nonsynchronization by integrating all the stakeholders on a single platform, which helps solve the issue of double spending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Framework for Transparent Land Lease and Mortgage Management

Junaid,

Bilal,

Shuja

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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A land administration system (LAS) is a structured framework designed to govern the management of land resources in a specific region or country. However, LAS faces challenges like inefficiencies, a lack of transparency, and susceptibility to fraud. The digitization of land records improved efficiency but failed to address manipulation, centralized databases, and double-spending issues. Traditional lease and mortgage management systems also suffer from complexity, errors, and a lack of real-time validation. At present, a significant influx of land transactions produces substantial data, classifiable as big data due to constant minute-to-minute occurrences like land transfers, acquisitions, document verification, and leasing/mortgaging transactions. In this context, we present a Blockchain-driven system that not only tackles alteration and double-spending issues in traditional systems but also implements distributed data management. Current state-of-the-art solutions do not fully incorporate crucial features of Blockchain, such as transparency, prevention of double-spending, auditability, immutability, and user participation. To tackle this problem, this research introduces a comprehensive Blockchain-powered framework for lease and mortgage management, addressing transparency, user involvement, and double-spending prevention. Unlike existing solutions, our framework integrates key Blockchain characteristics for a holistic approach. Through practical use cases involving property owners, banks, and financial institutions, we establish a secure, distributed, and transparent method for property financing. We verify the system by employing smart contracts and assess the cost and security parameters while validating the blockchain-based mortgage and lease functions.INDEX TERMS mortgage, distributed ledger, Blockchain, transparency, and user involvement.

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Federated Learning for Digital Twin-Based Vehicular Networks: Architecture and Challenges

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

A Comprehensive Survey on Revolutionizing Connectivity Through Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Twin Network in 6G

A Comprehensive Survey on Revolutionizing Connectivity Through Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Twin Network in 6G

Performance Analysis of Two-Zone-Based Registration System with Timer in Wireless Communication Networks

Blockchain-Enabled Framework for Transparent Land Lease and Mortgage Management

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