Feed handling practices, aflatoxin awareness and children's milk consumption in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia

Anato, Anchamo; Headey, Derek; Hirvonen, Kalle; Pokharel, Ashish; Tessema, Masresha; Wu, Felicia; Baye, Kaleab

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100672

One Health

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100672

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Feed handling practices, aflatoxin awareness and children's milk consumption in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia

Anchamo Anato,

Derek Headey,

Kalle Hirvonen

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Study protocol to assess aflatoxin M1 health risks versus benefits of dairy consumption in Ethiopian children: an epidemiological trial and risk-benefit analysis

Wu,

Headey,

Hirvonen

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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IntroductionIn Sidama, Ethiopia, animal-source foods can be difficult to access. Milk has important nutrients for child growth, but carries the risk of aflatoxin M1(AFM1) contamination. AFM1is a metabolite of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in dairy feed; cows secrete AFM1in milk when their feed contains AFB1produced byAspergillusfungi in maize, nuts and oilseeds. It is unknown whether AFM1compromises child growth and health.Methods and analysisThis protocol paper describes our study in Sidama to determine the impact of milk consumption and AFM1on child growth in the first 18 months of life. We will collect baseline and end-line data on dairy production, socioeconomic and nutritional factors of 1000 dairy-owning households with children ages 6–18 months at baseline; and gather samples of milk and dairy feed and child anthropometrics. We will conduct phone interviews every 6 months to ascertain changes in practices or child health. Dairy feed will be tested for AFB1; milk for AFM1, pathogens and nutrients. Controlling for herd size, socioeconomic, nutritional and behavioural factors, we will determine the association between child anthropometrics and milk consumption, as well as AFM1exposure. We will examine whether AFM1exposure affects child growth in the first 18 months of life, and weigh the benefits and risks of milk consumption.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol is approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI-IRB-481–2022), Michigan State University (STUDY00007996) and International Food Policy Research Institute (DSGD-23–0102). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants, who may withdraw from the study at any time. Confidentiality of collected data will be given high priority during each stage of data handling. The study’s findings will be disseminated through stakeholder workshops, local and international conferences, journal articles and technical reports.

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Study protocol to assess aflatoxin M1 health risks versus benefits of dairy consumption in Ethiopian children: an epidemiological trial and risk-benefit analysis

Wu,

Headey,

Hirvonen

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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Mycotoxins in Food: Cancer Risks and Strategies for Control

Mafe,

Büsselberg

2024

Foods

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Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, contaminating various food crops and posing severe risks to food safety and human health. This review discusses mycotoxins‘ origins, significance, and impact, particularly in relation to cancer risk. Major mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and patulin are examined, along with their sources and affected foods. The carcinogenic mechanisms of these toxins, including their biochemical and molecular interactions, are explored, as well as epidemiological evidence linking mycotoxin exposure to cancer in high-risk populations. The review also highlights critical methodologies for mycotoxin detection, including HPLC, GC-MS, MS, and ELISA, and the sample preparation techniques critical for accurate analysis. Strategies for controlling mycotoxin contamination, both pre- and post-harvest, are discussed, along with regulations from organizations like the FAO and WHO. Current challenges in detection sensitivity, cost, and control effectiveness are noted. Future research is needed to develop innovative analytical techniques, improve control strategies, and address the influence of climate change on mycotoxin production. Finally, global collaboration and emerging technologies are essential for advancing mycotoxin control and enhancing food safety.

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Feed handling practices, aflatoxin awareness and children's milk consumption in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Study protocol to assess aflatoxin M1 health risks versus benefits of dairy consumption in Ethiopian children: an epidemiological trial and risk-benefit analysis

Study protocol to assess aflatoxin M1 health risks versus benefits of dairy consumption in Ethiopian children: an epidemiological trial and risk-benefit analysis

Mycotoxins in Food: Cancer Risks and Strategies for Control

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