Feed Intake, Apparent Diet Digestibility, and Rate of Particulate Passage in Dairy Cattle

Colucci, P. E.; Chase, L.E.; Soest, P.J. Van

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82367-9

Cited by 229 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…O incremento do consumo freqüentemente resulta em taxas de passagem mais rápidas, tanto pelo rúmen como por todo o trato digestivo, o que também foi observado por Shellenberger & Kesler (1961) e Colucci et al (1982), ao estudarem a taxa de passagem da digesta pelo trato gastrintestinal de vacas em lactação. Colucci et al (1982) encontraram valores para a TPR de 6,83%/h e, para a TMRT de 39,8 horas, em vacas consumindo dietas completas com 37,81% de FDN.…”

Section: Consumo Dietaunclassified

“…Colucci et al (1982) encontraram valores para a TPR de 6,83%/h e, para a TMRT de 39,8 horas, em vacas consumindo dietas completas com 37,81% de FDN.…”

Section: Consumo Dietaunclassified

“…A taxa na qual a digesta se move ao longo do trato gastrintestinal, a taxa de fermentação do alimento e a quantidade de matéria seca (MS) consumida são os principais fatores que determinam a proporção que determinado nutriente será digerido, absorvido e utilizado pelo animal (Colucci et al, 1982). Uma alteração em qualquer um desses três fatores geralmente muda os outros dois, o que demonstra a relevância biológica da taxa de passagem.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Cana-de-açúcar em substituição à silagem de milho em dietas para vacas em lactação: parâmetros digestivos e ruminais

et al. 2006

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RESUMO -O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a substituição da silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar em dietas para vacas leiteiras. Foram avaliados quatro níveis de substituição (0; 33,3; 66,6 e 100%) de silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar para o estudo do consumo e da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e a determinação do pH e da concentração de compostos nitrogenados amoniacais (N-NH 3 ) do líquido ruminal e da taxa de passagem ruminal da digesta. Doze vacas da raça Holandesa, puras e mestiças, com potencial para produção de 5.000 a 7.000 kg de leite por lactação, foram distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 x 4 balanceados, conforme o período de lactação. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais, onde receberam as dietas (ad libitum), duas vezes ao dia, com relação volumoso:concentrado 60:40, durante 84 dias experimentais. O aumento do nível de substituição de silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar promoveu redução linear do consumo de todos os nutrientes, exceto lignina e carboidratos não-fibrosos. A substituição não afetou as digestibilidades da matéria seca, da matéria orgânica e da proteína bruta. A digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro apresentou redução acentuada, enquanto a dos carboidratos não-fibrosos aumentou. O pH ruminal não foi influenciado pelas dietas, apresentando comportamento quadrático conforme o tempo após alimentação. As concentrações de amônia ruminal apresentaram comportamento quadrático de acordo com as dietas e o tempo de alimentação. A taxa de passagem ruminal da digesta diminuiu e o tempo médio de retenção total aumentou com a substituição, o que pode explicar a redução no consumo. A silagem de milho pode ser substituída em até 33% pela cana-de-açúcar para vacas com produções médias diárias de 24 kg de leite.Palavras-chave: consumo, digestibilidade, pH e amônia ruminais Effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cowsABSTRACT -This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane on intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen, and ruminal passage rate of digesta in lactating dairy cows.Proportion sugarcane increased as follows: 0, 33.3, 66.6 and 100% of the forage portion of the diet. Twelve Holstein and crossbred Holstein/Zebu cows with potential yield varying from 5,000 to 7,000 kg of milk per lactation were randomly assigned to three 4x4 Latin squares. Cows were maintained in individual stalls and were fed ad libitum twice a day a diet containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 during the 84-days experimental period. Replacing corn silage with sugarcane linearly reduced the intakes of all nutrients with the exception of lignin and nonfiber carbohydrates. No significant effects on apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were observed by replacing corn silage with sugarcane in this trial. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibility decreased and that of nonfiber carbohydrates increas...

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Section: Consumo Dietaunclassified

“…Colucci et al (1982) encontraram valores para a TPR de 6,83%/h e, para a TMRT de 39,8 horas, em vacas consumindo dietas completas com 37,81% de FDN.…”

Section: Consumo Dietaunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Cana-de-açúcar em substituição à silagem de milho em dietas para vacas em lactação: parâmetros digestivos e ruminais

et al. 2006

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confidence: 86%

“…The increase in rumen pool size has generally been less than the increase in intake, presumably due to the increase in rate of passage as intake level increased. The effect of concentrate: forage on the rate of passage is not clear, since Uden (1984) observed no effect of an increased ratio while Colucci et al (1982) reported higher rates of passage with high-forage diets compared with low-forage diets.or forages (Moseley & JonesThe experiment reported here was designed to study the effects of supplementation of a forage diet with starch and to see how the responses obtained were influenced by level of feeding. The responses measured were the rates of digestion and passage from the rumen and their effects on rumen pool sizes.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of supplementation with maize starch and level of intake of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Endura) hay on the removal of digesta from the rumen of sheep

1986

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1. Eight wether sheep were offered a diet of perennial ryeigrass (Loliumperenne cv. Endura) hay once daily at two levels of intake (1 1 and 16.5 g dry matter (DM)/kg live weight (LW)) with or without maize starch (175 g DM/kg hay DM). The experiment consisted of four periods. each lasting 32 d. Rates of digestion of the hay were measured by incubation in dacron bags and rates of passagc using chromium-mordanted hay. Rumen pool sizes of DM, organic matter and fibre were measured by emptying the rumen.2. The inclusion of starch in the diet appeared to increase significantly (P < 0.01) the lag phase before the start of fibre digestion, as observed both in the dacron bag studies and in the slower initial disappearance of digestible neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from the rumen recorded by emptying of rumen contents. However, there was no significant effect of starch on apparent digestibility of fibre in the whole tract.3. The main effect of increasing the level of feeding wax, to increase the rate of passage with a consequent decrease in overall digestibility. The fractional rate of passage increased from 0.0318 to 0.0400 as the level of feeding increased, while apparent digestibility of NDF decreased from 0.755 to 0,724.4. On all treatments the weight of indigestible fibre in the rumen remained more or less constant between 5, 10 and 15 h after feeding, but was significantly lower at 24 h. These results suggest that a high proportion of the outflow of material from the rumen not associated with feeding appears to occur during the second half of the feeding cycle.The quantity of digesta present in the rumen can be an important factor in influencing the voluntary intake of roughage diets by ruminants (Balch & Campling, 1969). Roughages contain a high level of fibre and since the rate of digestion of fibre is slower than that of other fractions (Van Soest, 1975), factors affecting this rate may thus be implicated in intake control. The effect of soluble carbohydrates in depressing cellulolysis is well documented (El-Shady et al. 1961; Terry et al. 1969;Mertens & Loften, 1980) and often leads to a depression in voluntary intake. However, the relation between this depression and rumen volume has not been studied in detail.The relation between rumen pool sizes and intake level has been studied by a number of workers, mainly with diets of oat straw (Pearce, 1967) , 1984;Ulyatt et al. 1984). The increase in rumen pool size has generally been less than the increase in intake, presumably due to the increase in rate of passage as intake level increased. The effect of concentrate: forage on the rate of passage is not clear, since Uden (1984) observed no effect of an increased ratio while Colucci et al. (1982) reported higher rates of passage with high-forage diets compared with low-forage diets.or forages (Moseley & JonesThe experiment reported here was designed to study the effects of supplementation of a forage diet with starch and to see how the responses obtained were influenced by level of feeding. The responses measured w...

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Enzyme activities of rumen solid‐adherent microorganisms in chronically underfed ewes

1994

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Four ruminally cannulated ewes were used in a series of two crossover designs to investigate the effects of underfeeding and of supplementation with slowly degradable protein on polysaccharide and glycoside-degrading enzyme activities in rumen solid-adherent microorganisms. The ewes were fed twice daily on a hay based diet to satisfy either 1.2 or 0.5 maintenance energy requirements, with or without 125 and 65 g fish meal supplement for the high and the low intakes, respectively. Enzyme preparations were isolated from rumen solid contents 2, 6, and 12 h after feeding. Protein supplementation had no significant effect on the activity of any of the enzymes measured. The effects of feeding level on carboxymethycellulase and xylanase activities were small, the specific activity (expressed per mg microbial protein) being slightly increased at low intake (P < 0.10). However, B-D-galactosidase, B-D-glucosidase, B-D-xylosidase, and B-D-cellobiosidase activities were considerably increased with low feeding level ( + 5 6 to +70% for specific activities; +31 to +50% when expressed per g dry matter). The activities of all enzymes tested increased significantly with time after feeding. The extent of specific activity response to variation of feeding level was greater for late sampling times than 2 h post-feeding. Ruminal degradation of the dietary hay was not affected by fish meal supplementation, but increased with reduction of feeding level ( + 59.7 g kg-' for neutral detergent fibre during the first 12 h of rumen incubation; P < 0.001). The higher microbial efficiency associated with greater retention time of feed particles in the rumen may account for the increase in cell wall degradation usually observed when feeding level declines.

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Feed Intake, Apparent Diet Digestibility, and Rate of Particulate Passage in Dairy Cattle

Cited by 229 publications

References 29 publications

Cana-de-açúcar em substituição à silagem de milho em dietas para vacas em lactação: parâmetros digestivos e ruminais

Cana-de-açúcar em substituição à silagem de milho em dietas para vacas em lactação: parâmetros digestivos e ruminais

The effect of supplementation with maize starch and level of intake of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Endura) hay on the removal of digesta from the rumen of sheep

Enzyme activities of rumen solid‐adherent microorganisms in chronically underfed ewes

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