Feed the gut, feed early and with the right stuff, but do not forget total parenteral nutrition

Biology of Nutrition Support and Gut Access in Critically Ill Patients

“…In the meantime, we need to provide nutritional support to critically ill or injured patients early and we should tailor nutritional formulas based on the content of the nutrient compositions [ 34 ].…”

Nutrition in Critically Ill and Injured Patients: Focus on Pathophysiology, Initiation, Choice, Energy Requirements and Complications

“…The underlying clinical conditions include short gut syndrome, severe gut dysfunction, mesenteric vascular insufficiency, bowel obstruction, GI bleeding, severe diarrhea, large volume fistulas, sepsis, severe burns, and trauma associated with continuous hemodynamic instability and with severe fulminant acute and chronic pancreatitis. In many of these patient subgroups, TPN is lifesaving (Dudrick 2007;Latifi and Uraneus 2013).…”

“…While there is no controversy that the GI tract should be used whenever possible, we should remember that parenteral nutrition (PN) in the form of both total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) continues to be a great modality to provide nutrition support for many critically ill and injured patients (Latifi and Uraneus 2013).…”