Feeding Activity and Seasonal Changes in Prey Composition of urban Peregrine FalconsFalco peregrinus

Rejt, Łukasz

doi:10.3161/068.036.0201

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The falcons definitely kill smaller birds more easily (Thiollay 1982). My study yielded a limited sample of prey, but it corresponds very well to other studies (Rejt 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Hunting activity by urban Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) during autumn and winter in south-west Norway

Time

2016

Ornis Norv.

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Abstract. In 2015/16 a pair of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus frequented a 66 m high office building in a small town in south-west Norway. Using IR-flash cameras 61 days in the autumn and winter, day and night, the time of landings on the balcony cornices were recorded exactly. In total 93 hunting sorties were recorded, a majority of which took place around dawn and dusk. No less than 17 % of the hunts occurred in the dark, between dusk and dawn. In autumn, waders and thrushes made up a substantial part of their diet. During winter many corvids rest in a park near the building, and at that time the Peregrines mostly fed on Jackdaws Corvus monedula, killed by the female in coordinated hunting. Often the male landed on the cornice without prey, to eat leftovers. Artificial light probably enabled the falcons to hunt at night.

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“…The falcons definitely kill smaller birds more easily (Thiollay 1982). My study yielded a limited sample of prey, but it corresponds very well to other studies (Rejt 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Most likely, the influence of the artificial light made it possible for the falcons to hunt at night. Cases of night-time hunting by Peregrine Falcons have been observed in urban areas in Europe as well as in North America, and artificial light is supposed to have facilitated such hunts (Rejt 2001, Kettel et al 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunting activity by urban Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) during autumn and winter in south-west Norway

Time

2016

Ornis Norv.

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“…Brood manipulation experiments did not induce nest failure either, when prey clearances and chick measurements were undertaken on three day-intervals of visitation (Olsen & Tucker 2003). The bimodal patterns of diurnal nest attendance in peregrines with chicks (Hustler 1983, Ratcliffe 1980, Carlier & Gallo 1994, Palmer et al 2000, Rejt 2001, Ruddock 2006 indicates that the probability of disturbance detection by parents, and the effects of disturbance, is also dependent on the time of day.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioural modifications have been noted in urban and suburban birds such as nocturnal feeding (Rejt 2001, Rejt 2004), hunting (Serra et al 2001, Decandido & Allen 2006 and earlier laying dates (Rejt 2003). Nocturnal hunting may not be confined only to urban falcons (Olsen et al 1998, Dixon & Richards, unpublished data, M. Ruddock, pers.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining spatial priorities for capercaillieTetrao urogalluslekking landscape conservation in south‐central Finland

Sirkiä

Lehtomäki

Lindén³

et al. 2012

Wildlife Biology

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SummaryAnimals' avoidance of humans or human activities can have several adverse effects on their distribution and abundance, and a frequent tool used by conservation managers to avoid such effects is to designate 'buffer zones' (or set-back distances or protection zones) around centres of animals' distribution within which human activity is restricted.A common method used to prescribe buffer zones involves one or two measures of disturbance distance: 'alert distance' (AD), the distance between the disturbance source and the animal at the point where the animal changes its behaviour in response to the approaching disturbance source, and 'flight initiation distance' (FID), the point at which the animal flushes or otherwise moves away from the approaching disturbance source.Recommendations on 'safe-working distances' (essentially, buffer zones around breeding sites) have been made for a number of UK breeding bird species, but without any objective justification. With recent changes in Scottish legislation on human access to the countryside and protection of some breeding birds' nest sites there was therefore a need to review available information on disturbance distances for 26 'priority' bird species which breed in Scotland.Preliminary assessment revealed few previous studies quantifying disturbance distances for the study species, and so an expert opinion survey was conducted in which opinion was solicited on 'static' and 'active' disturbance distances (i.e. AD and FID, respectively) when birds were approached by a single pedestrian when incubating eggs and when with chicks. The survey resulted in 89 respondents providing 1083 opinions on disturbance distances.It was difficult to validate independently the results of the survey, because relatively few empirical studies had been conducted on disturbance distances for the study species. Subjectively, however, the survey appeared to give similar 4 results to those of research based on quantified field observations, although distance estimates in the expert survey may have been slightly high in some species.A number of descriptive statistics for AD and FID are presented for each of the species from the expert opinion survey, including upper distances which incorporated 90 % of opinions on AD (although it is highlighted that AD is probably impossible to measure in practice for many species when breeding).Species accounts, describing the results of a literature review for each study species (and related species) on disturbance distances, are also presented and include published information on AD and FID, responses to a number of disturbance sources, previously prescribed buffer zones and forestry practices, when relevant.Expert opinion is typically used as a stopgap in research as a bridge between empirical evidence and policy (although our review suggested that it is probably frequently misused in this field by not being a temporary measure and with insufficient validation) and, given the shortage of empirical field studies, it is recommended that the expert survey r...

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“…Korpimäki & Norrdahl 1991, Ontiveros & Pleguezuelos 2000. The food supply and prey availability are also important factors having an impact on the falcons' foraging activity (Rejt 2001) and chick feeding frequency in the nests (Rejt et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

Chavko

Krištín

2017

Slovak Raptor Journal

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Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency are less studied parameters of behaviour in insectivorous falcons, many of which are endangered bird species. In this short study, prey composition and feeding frequency of red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) nestlings were studied using the method of camera recordings during seven days in July 2017 in southwestern Slovakia. Camera recording analyses of 2–3 chicks (14–26 days old) in three nests revealed a significant preference for insects (97%, n = 305 prey items), of which the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) was highly predominant (54%). We also found very high average chick feeding frequency (9.9 feedings per hour, n = 29 hours 22 min of regular observations), whereby the females fed their young ones more frequently (64.9%, n = 305 feedings) than the males (35.1%). Analyses of food composition in adverse weather conditions showed that unfavourable weather had a negative effect on chick feeding frequency, and in rainy weather the males fed significantly less than the females.

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Feeding Activity and Seasonal Changes in Prey Composition of urban Peregrine FalconsFalco peregrinus

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Hunting activity by urban Peregrine Falcons (<em>Falco peregrinus</em>) during autumn and winter in south-west Norway

Hunting activity by urban Peregrine Falcons (<em>Falco peregrinus</em>) during autumn and winter in south-west Norway

Defining spatial priorities for capercaillieTetrao urogalluslekking landscape conservation in south‐central Finland

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

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