Feeding by protists and copepods on the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Pfiesteria piscicida, Stoeckeria algicida, and Luciella masanensis

Jeong, Hae Jin; Kim, Jae Seong; Song, Jae Yoon; Kim, Jong Hyeok; Kim, Tae Hoon; Kim, Soo Kyeum; Kang, Nam Seon

doi:10.3354/meps07094

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…divergens in their competition even though their sizes are similar. Also, the engulfment feeding Oxyrrhis marina dominated over the peduncle feeding Pfiesteria piscicida, Stoeckeria algicida, and Luciella masanensis (Jeong et al 2007c). Therefore, engulfment feeding may be a more effective feeding mechanism than pallium feeding or peduncle feeding if there are no supplementary tools such as nematocysts or trichocysts.…”

Section: D Number Of Feeding Mechanisms For a Dinoflagellate Predatormentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

et al. 2010

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Planktonic mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are ubiquitous protists and often abundant in marine environments. Recently many phototrophic dinoflagellate species have been revealed to be mixotrophic organisms and also it is suggested that most dinoflagellates may be mixotrophic or heterotrophic protists. The mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on diverse prey items including bacteria, picoeukaryotes, nanoflagellates, diatoms, other dinoflagellates, heterotrophic protists, and metazoans due to their diverse feeding mechanisms. In turn they are ingested by many kinds of predators. Thus, the roles of the dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs are very diverse. The present paper reviewed the kind of prey which mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on, feeding mechanisms, growth and ingestion rates of dinoflagellates, grazing impact by dinoflagellate predators on natural prey populations, predators on dinoflagellates, and red tides dominated by dinoflagellates. Based on this information, we suggested a new marine planktonic food web focusing on mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and provided an insight on the roles of dinoflagellates in the food web.

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Section: D Number Of Feeding Mechanisms For a Dinoflagellate Predatormentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

et al. 2010

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“…exhibited increased mortality with exposure to the alga Prymnesium parvum (Rosetta & McManus 2003) and the dinoflagellate Lucialla masanensis. Conversely, Strombidinopsis jeokjo readily ingested and grew on the dinoflagellates Pfiesteria piscicida, Stoeckeria algicida (Jeong et al 2007), and Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Jeong et al 2008). Different toxicity responses may be due to varying modes of toxicity among harmful algal species, as well as diverse cellular and behavioral characteristics among grazers.…”

Section: Dual-prey Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and grazing of microzooplankton in response to the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo in prey mixtures

Graham¹,

Strom²

2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Microzooplankton grazers may play a role in regulating blooms of the ichthyotoxic alga Heterosigma akashiwo. This study tested the effects of H. akashiwo, when part of a mixed-prey assemblage, on the growth and feeding of microzooplankton. Laboratory cultures of 3 ciliates, Favella sp., Metacylis sp., and Strombidinopsis acuminatum, were exposed to reciprocal concentrations of H. akashiwo and a non-toxic prey, at saturating prey concentrations. Heterosigma akashiwo was toxic to Favella sp. and Metacylis sp. when H. akashiwo was the sole prey species; however, this toxicity was eliminated in the mixed-prey treatments, likely because of avoidance of H. akashiwo and selective feeding on non-toxic prey. In contrast, the growth rate of S. acuminatum was unaffected by H. akashiwo. Both Favella sp. and S. acuminatum ingested H. akashiwo but selected against the alga when other prey was available. In addition, natural planktonic communities, collected from East Sound, Orcas Island, northern Puget Sound, in September and October 2007, were exposed to bloomlevel concentrations of H. akashiwo. Abundances of the major microzooplankton types, primarily ciliates and Gyrodinium/Gymnodinium dinoflagellates, were unaffected by H. akashiwo, although slight changes in grazer size structure did occur. Heterosigma akashiwo was harmful to the smallest grazers, mainly aloricate ciliates and small Gyrodinium/Gymnodinium dinoflagellates, and beneficial to larger Gyrodinium/Gymnodinium dinoflagellates that were able to ingest and grow on the alga. The alga was not consumed by the majority of grazers. Preferential feeding on alternate prey reduces toxic effects of H. akashiwo on microzooplankton. Avoidance of H. akashiwo by a major group of grazers would promote bloom formation by reducing H. akashiwo mortality and focusing community grazing pressure on potential competitor species.

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“…Last, we perused papers on the foraging ecology of protists where additional such data might exist but not be locatable with a keyword search. This search produced data on 18 pairwise interactions for carnivorous protists (Laybourn 1976;Hewett 1980;Rogerson 1981;Verity 1991;Jeong et al 2004Jeong et al , 2007aJeong et al , 2007bDeLong et al 2014b). Data on functional response parameters were used as reported if a functional and/or numerical response was fit to foraging data in units of individuals (i.e., as opposed to amounts of carbon).…”

Section: Case Study 2: Algae Grazing Protists and Carnivorous Protistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Body Size Dependence of Trophic Cascades

DeLong

Gilbert

Shurin

et al. 2015

The American Naturalist

122

131

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. abstract: Trophic cascades are indirect positive effects of predators on resources via control of intermediate consumers. Larger-bodied predators appear to induce stronger trophic cascades (a greater rebound of resource density toward carrying capacity), but how this happens is unknown because we lack a clear depiction of how the strength of trophic cascades is determined. Using consumer resource models, we first show that the strength of a trophic cascade has an upper limit set by the interaction strength between the basal trophic group and its consumer and that this limit is approached as the interaction strength between the consumer and its predator increases. We then express the strength of a trophic cascade explicitly in terms of predator body size and use two independent parameter sets to calculate how the strength of a trophic cascade depends on predator size. Both parameter sets predict a positive effect of predator size on the strength of a trophic cascade, driven mostly by the body size dependence of the interaction strength between the first two trophic levels. Our results support previous empirical findings and suggest that the loss of larger predators will have greater consequences on trophic control and biomass structure in food webs than the loss of smaller predators.

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Feeding by protists and copepods on the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Pfiesteria piscicida, Stoeckeria algicida, and Luciella masanensis

Cited by 40 publications

References 56 publications

Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

Growth and grazing of microzooplankton in response to the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo in prey mixtures

The Body Size Dependence of Trophic Cascades

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