Feeding in hatcheries

Carter, C.G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100506-4.00013-1

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Quantitative and qualitative requirements for EFA and the n‐3:n‐6 ratio vary ontogenetically in fish, with early developmental stages and broodstock being critical periods (Tocher ; Izquierdo & Koven ; Carter ). Estimated EFA requirements for juvenile and sub‐adult freshwater and diadromous fish studied so far indicate that they can be satisfied by the C 18 PUFA, ALA and/or LA, at around 1% of the diet dry weight, in contrast to marine species which require preformed LC‐PUFA.…”

Section: Ontogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practical feeding approaches in fish hatcheries are crucial and require formulating aquafeeds with premium ingredients that include oils for larvae and broodstock, yet the required volumes of aquafeeds are relatively low (van der Meeren et al . ; Takeuchi ; Carter ).…”

Section: Ontogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intensification of aquaculture output requires a greater supply and development of the inputs – mainly feedstuff, their formulations and optimisation. The demand for fish oil (FO) is high due it is use as a human nutritional supplement as well as an important ingredient in feeds for selected carnivorous fish species, particularly salmonids, and during key production stages including the hatchery and for broodstock (Klinger & Naylor ; Carter ; Tacon & Metian ). FO prices have increased by 3‐ to 4‐fold in the last two decades alone and, driven by the growing demand, are not expected to revert to lower levels (FAO ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable alternatives to dietary fish oil in tropical fish aquaculture

Alhazzaa

Nichols

Carter

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Marine tropical carnivorous (MTC) fish are less tolerant to high dietary lipid compared with cold and temperate climate fish. However, insufficient n-3 longchain (≥C 20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) compromises MTC fish health and growth which requires attention when choosing lipid sources in aquafeed formulations. Fish oil (FO) has been the major lipid source for feeding key MTC fish. We estimated that more than 200 thousand tonnes of FO were used to feed farmed MTC fish in 2016, representing nearly 25% of global FO production. Nevertheless, recent increases in FO prices and demand, and the foreseen inability of wild fisheries to produce sufficient FO in the future, have created a need for cheaper and more sustainable alternatives. Meta-analysis showed that feeding vegetable oils (VO) to MTC fish can slightly reduce their growth, with a marked decrease in n-3 LC-PUFA content in the fish tissues corresponding with the increased replacement of FO and fishmeal in the diet. Rendered terrestrial animal fat or modulating the bioconversion of n-3 LC-PUFA precursors in VO can be utilised further in MTC fish nutrition with more research recommended on these approaches. Oils and oil-rich meals from non-food marine organisms are rich in n-3 LC-PUFA and represent an underutilised alternative to FO for tropical aquaculture. With oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA produced from transgenic plants presently gaining regulatory approvals and becoming available as a renewable alternative to FO, aquaculture in the tropics and around the globe is ready to leap into a new phase of sustainable expansion.

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Section: Ontogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ontogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable alternatives to dietary fish oil in tropical fish aquaculture

Alhazzaa

Nichols

Carter

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Therefore, the cyst Artemia need to decapsulate to have nauplii Artemia as feed. Other that, the nutrient content of Artemia incomplete and inconsistent value [21]. From previous study of enrichment for Artemia mostly used oil emulsion and its more expensive compared to microalgae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mono and mix diets on growth of Artemia and its application as dietary sources of Pterophyllum scalare (Angelfish)

Aziz

Azani

Yatim³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Artemia is a type of brine shrimp that can provide good nutrients and a well digested fish larva with high potential live feed. Therefore, Artemia is readily contained in capsulated cysts that have been preserved for a long period of time. In the industrial, however, there is a lack of knowledge and technique regarding the handling of suitable life feed as first feed for fish larvae. The study is to observe the growth and survival rate of Angelfish larvae (Pterophyllum scalare) with various types of enriched Artemia. Three types enrichment are used (Tetraselmis sp., Chlorella sp., and mixed diet; Tetraselmis sp. + Chlorella sp.). This experiment was performed for 35 days, and the growth (SGR), survival and nutritional analysis were reported to assess the effect of the larvae of Angelfish. Specific growth rate (SGR) of Angelfish larvae (11.49 ± 0.63%), and survival rate (81.0 ± 1.92%). Angelfish larvae had the highest growth and survival rate on mixed diet fed (Tetraselmis sp. + Chlorella sp.) compared to other enrichments, Tetraselmis sp. (9.56 ± 0.08%, 70.00 ± 0.00%) and sp. (10.03 ± 0.13%, 74.0 ± 2.03%), this was related while examining the protein and lipids. The mean value of the mixed diet protein and lipid analysis (57.91 ± 0.27%, 7.31 ± 1.35%) is the highest as compared to other enrichments, Tetraselmis sp. (44.73 ± 0.73%, 4.85 ± 0.60%), and Chlorella sp. (49.76 ± 1.19%, 7.31± 5.05%). As the conclusion, mixed diet is more successful diet for growth performances and survival rate to fish larvae. This study applies if the Artemia can be culture in the future without the technique of decapsulation cysts to reduce cost in using Artemia.

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“…In this context, a wide variety of larval rearing protocols are applied in hatcheries, ranging from extensive to intensive systems with different feeding regimes (Jobling, 2016; Lee, 2003; Nielsen et al, 2017). While in extensive systems larvae are supported by phytoplankton and zooplankton available in natural waters (Carter, 2015; Estévez et al, 2019; Naas & Harboe, 1992), in intensive systems larvae rely basically on introduced microalgae, rotifer and Artemia (Dhont et al, 2013; Hemaiswarya et al, 2011; Karlsen et al, 2015; Lee, 2003). Because costs, productivity and profits of each system vary, it is extremely important to define the best feeding schedule for new aquaculture species (Bengtson et al, 1999; Carter, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live diet for first feeding of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (STEINDACHNER, 1879), larvae in captivity

Sterzelecki

Sugai

Mattos³

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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For most commercial marine species, the newly hatched larvae are not completely developed and depend on their own reserves, found in the yolk sac. Profound physiological changes occur in early development that modify the lipid, protein and RNA to DNA ratio of body content. After vitelline depletion, nutrition relies only on exogenous feeding and the transition phase can be accompanied by high mortality. This critical period is strongly influenced by the appropriated and available feed (Illing

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Feeding in hatcheries

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Sustainable alternatives to dietary fish oil in tropical fish aquaculture

Sustainable alternatives to dietary fish oil in tropical fish aquaculture

Effects of mono and mix diets on growth of Artemia and its application as dietary sources of Pterophyllum scalare (Angelfish)

Live diet for first feeding of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (STEINDACHNER, 1879), larvae in captivity

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