Feline Panleukopenia

Tuzio, Helen

doi:10.1002/9781119294382.ch15

Cited by 8 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous shelter recommendations were to hold recovered cats for 3 weeks after recovery , 14 while more recent recommendations were to isolate for 4 weeks after diagnosis ; 15 this can take place in an adoptive or foster home. The results of this and previous studies suggest that clinically significant shedding is unlikely to occur beyond 14 days after diagnosis in the majority of animals, and that release from isolation after this point is reasonable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shelters may use a combination of repeat testing, recommended time frames or resolution of clinical signs to determine the appropriate duration of isolation. 14 , 15 Point-of-care (POC) tests can lack sensitivity, 16 , 17 and, while FPV PCR is highly sensitive, 18 it is slow and expensive for routine use. It is of interest to shelters to assess whether proxy measures for reduced virus shedding, such as resolution of diarrhea and systemic signs, or a negative POC test, could be used to determine the appropriate timing for release from isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal viral DNA shedding following clinical panleukopenia virus infection in shelter kittens: a prospective, observational study

Janke

Jacobson

Giacinti³

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude and duration of fecal viral DNA shedding after diagnosis of feline panleukopenia (FP) in a group of shelter cats using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); to assess the utility of a negative point-of-care test or the resolution of diarrhea and systemic signs as proxy measures for qPCR positivity; and to investigate patterns of additional enteric pathogens in relation to feline panleukopenia viral shedding duration. Methods Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection in clinically affected shelter cats was confirmed by a commercial qPCR test. Observations were made on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-diagnosis. Fecal flotation, FPV qPCR and the canine parvovirus IDEXX SNAP Parvo ELISA (SNAP) test were performed on fecal samples. Results Forty cats and kittens with confirmed panleukopenia were initially enrolled. Sixteen kittens were sampled until day 14, and 12 were followed to day 21. Median DNA viral copy numbers fell below the diagnostic cut-off by day 7, with 13/16, 6/16, 1/16 and 0/12 testing PCR-positive on days 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. The SNAP test was positive in 12/16 kittens on day 0 and only 3/16 on day 3. SNAP test results, diarrhea and systemic signs were inconsistent in relation to qPCR positivity post-diagnosis. Additional enteric pathogens were common. The presence of additional pathogen types was suggestive of a longer PCR shedding duration, but this was not tested statistically owing to the small sample size. Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that cats should be isolated for at least 14 days after a diagnosis of FP, but that release from isolation after this point is reasonable, in association with a multifaceted infection control strategy. The study findings did not support using SNAP test results, diarrhea or systemic signs as proxy measures for virus shedding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal viral DNA shedding following clinical panleukopenia virus infection in shelter kittens: a prospective, observational study

Janke

Jacobson

Giacinti³

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…20% der Katzen wird eine durch Übelkeit hervorgerufene Hypersalivation beobachtet 11 . Die subakute Verlaufsform geht mit leicht erhöhter Körpertemperatur, geringgradiger Lethargie, Anorexie und in manchen Fällen mit Durchfall einher 14 50 . Meist dauern die Symptome bei subakut infizierten Tieren ca.…”

Section: Eigenschaften Von Parvovirenunclassified

“…1 bis 3 Tage an, gefolgt von einer raschen Rekonvaleszenz-Phase 14 . Während der Trächtigkeit kann eine FPV-Infektion in Abhängigkeit des Trächtigkeitsstadiums zu Aborten (frühes Trächtigkeitsstadium) oder zu zerebellären Missbildungen (spätes Trächtigkeitsstadium) der Katzenwelpen führen 10 13 14 . Subklinische Infektionen ohne klinische Symptome sind weit verbreitet, insbesondere bei adulten, immunkompetenten Katzen 47 .…”

Section: Eigenschaften Von Parvovirenunclassified

“…In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten konnte die Prävalenz der Panleukopenie bei Hauskatzen mit Hilfe von weit verbreiteten Impfmaßnahmen deutlich gesenkt werden 10 11 . Trotz allem sind Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche bei Katzen in Tierheimen keine Seltenheit und häufig mit einer hohen Letalität verbunden 11 12 13 14 15 16 . Mehr als 350 Todesfälle wurden im Rahmen dreier Ausbrüche in Tierheimen in Australien verzeichnet 13 , was verdeutlicht, dass das Ausbruchsmanagement, insbesondere in Tierheimen, eine große Herausforderung darstellt.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Parvovirus-Infektionen bei Katzen in Tierheimen

Rehme

Hartmann

Bergmann

2023

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere

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ZusammenfassungDurch weit verbreitete Impfmaßnahmen gegen das feline Panleukopenievirus (FPV) wird das durch dieses Virus verursachte Krankheitsbild, die feline Panleukopenie, bei privat gehaltenen Katzen in Deutschland nur noch selten gesehen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Situation in Tierheimen durch den ständigen Zulauf neuer Katzen, oft mit unvollständigem Impfschutz, eine andere. In solchen Einrichtungen sind Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche keine Seltenheit und gehen oft mit einer hohen Anzahl an Todesfällen einher. Aufgrund der hohen Kontagiösität des Virus entscheiden sich manche Tierheime, Katzen mit klinischen Symptomen, die auf Panleukopenie hindeuten, nicht aufzunehmen, da diese Tiere eine Gefahr für die Tierheimpopulation darstellen. Jedoch scheiden nicht nur Katzen mit Panleukopenie Parvoviren aus; auch gesunde, symptomlose Katzen können als subklinische Parvovirus-Ausscheider fungieren und somit zum Infektionsrisiko beitragen. Das Risiko für Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche in Tierheimen kann jedoch durch ein konsequent eingehaltenes Ausbruchsmanagement verringert werden. Dies schließt zum einen Hygienemaßnahmen mit korrekt durchgeführten Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprotokollen, Quarantänemaßnahmen, eine separate Isolationsstation sowie spezielle prophylaktische Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise die Identifizierung infizierter Tiere und die Immunisierung empfänglicher Gruppen, ein.

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Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Feline panleukopenia virus from suspected domestic cats in selected Bangladesh regions

Kabir,

Habib,

Chouhan

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a highly contagious cat disease and is endemic in Bangladesh. The study aims to describe the epidemiology and molecular characterization of the Feline panleukopenia virus from the suspected domestic cats in selected Bangladesh regions. Randomly, 161 rectal swabs were collected from the pet hospitals between July 2021 and December 2022. A structured questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews with cat owners in order to collect data on potential risk factors for FPL, such as age, sex, sharing litter boxes and every day utensils in multicat households, vaccination history, hospital visits for other diseases, and season. The rectal swabs were tested by PCR targeting the VP2 capsid protein gene, and six PCR-positive samples were further sequenced for molecular characterizations. The risk factors for FPLV were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of FPL among suspects was 22.9%. The mortality and case fatality were 10.6%, and 45.9%, respectively. However, mortality in kittens was significantly higher (16.4%) than younger cats. The odds of FPL were 8.83 times (95% CI: 3.14–24.85) higher among unvaccinated cats than vaccinated cats. The winter season had almost six times (95% CI: 1.38–24.40) higher odds of FPL than rainy season. In a multicat house, the odds of FPL was about five times (95% CI: 1.93–13.45) higher for cats that shared a litter box and food utensils compared to those that did not engage in such sharing. Visiting hospitals for other reasons nearly triples the odds of FPL (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.04–7.54) compared to cats that do not visit hospitals. Analysis of partial sequence of the VP2 gene revealed genetic variations among the isolates from different regions. Among these isolates, four were identical to FPLV isolates from South Korea and China, while one showed complete homology with FPLV isolates from Thailand. In contrast, the remaining one was 100% identical to Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 isolated from a feline sample in Italy. Our isolates were classified into three distinct clades alongside Feline panleukopenia virus and Carnivore protoparvovirus-1. One in every three suspected cats was infected with Feline panleukopenia. Regular vaccination of the cats, especially those that share common litter box and food utensils and visit hospitals for other purposes, will help reduce the prevalence of FPL in Bangladesh. Besides, it is worth emphasizing the existence of genetic diversity among the circulating Feline panleukopenia viruses in Bangladesh.

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Feline Panleukopenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Fecal viral DNA shedding following clinical panleukopenia virus infection in shelter kittens: a prospective, observational study

Fecal viral DNA shedding following clinical panleukopenia virus infection in shelter kittens: a prospective, observational study

Parvovirus-Infektionen bei Katzen in Tierheimen

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Feline panleukopenia virus from suspected domestic cats in selected Bangladesh regions

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