Female sexual dysfunction in female genital mutilation

Abstract

Female genital mutilation (FGM), otherwise known as female genital cutting (FGC), is currently very topical and has become a significant global political issue. The impact of FGM on the lives of women and girls is enormous, as it often affects both their psychology and physical being. Among the complications that are often under-reported and not always acknowledged is female sexual dysfunction (FSD). FSD presents with a complex of symptoms including lack of libido, arousability and orgasm. This often occurs in tandem with chronic urogenital pain and anatomical disruption due to perineal scarring. To treat FSD in FGM each woman needs specifically directed holistic care, geared to her individual case. This may include psychological support, physiotherapy and, on occasion, reconstructive surgery. In many cases the situation is complicated by symptoms of chronic pelvic pain, which can make treatment increasingly difficult as this issue needs a defined multidisciplinary approach for its effective management in its own right.The problems suffered by women with FGM are wholly preventable, as the practice need not happen. The current global momentum to address the social, cultural, economic and medical issues of FGM is being supported by communities, governments, non-governmental agencies (NGOs) and healthcare providers. It is only by working together that the practice can be abolished and women and girls may be free from this practice and its associated consequences.

Painful gynecologic and obstetric complications of female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Women are affected by FGM/C in at least 28 African countries [48,49], with some also affected in the Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries of Yemen, Iraq, Indonesia, and Malaysia [13]. Every year, over 2 million girls experience FGM/C; in several countries such as Egypt, Eritrea, Guinea, Somalia, Mali, and Sierra Leone, over 90% of women have undergone FGM/C [50].…”

Conducting an asylum evaluation focused on female genital mutilation/cutting status or risk

“…In settings where a separate psychological evaluation with a mental health expert is not feasible, standardized outpatient screening or diagnostic instruments can be used. Several studies have also shown an association between FGM/C and sexual dysfunction, 19,21–24 so screening for female sexual dysfunction may be warranted.…”

Clinical Features Associated with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Pilot Longitudinal Study

“…From a sexual medicine perspective, women who suffered FGM/C often show a burden of short- and long-term gynecological and obstetric impairments, including urinary retention, genital scarring, infections, bacterial vaginosis, perinatal complications and menstrual difficulties [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Relatedly, FGM/C is also associated with sexual function impairments [ 10 , 14 ].…”