Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces

Abstract

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are used for the precision surface treatment of 3D components. However, with LIPSS, the non-normal incident angle between the irradiated laser beam and the specimen surface occurs. This study investigated LIPSS on four different metals (SUS 304, Ti, Al, and Cu), processed on a tilted surface by an s-polarized femtosecond fiber laser. A rotated low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) was obtained on SUS 304 and Ti materials by the line scanning process. However, LSFL on Cu and Al materials was still perpendicular to the laser polarization. The reason for the rotated and un-rotated LSFL on tilted metal surfaces was presented. The electron-phonon coupling factor and thermal conductivity properties might induce rotational LSFL on tilted SUS 304 and Ti surfaces. When fabricating LSFL on an inclined plane, a calibration model between the LSFL orientation and inclined plane angle must be established. Hence, the laser polarization direction must be controlled to obtain suitable LSFL characteristics on a 3D surface.

Highly Regular LIPSS on Thin Molybdenum Films: Optimization and Generic Criteria

“…In Ref. [ 15 ], the physical origin of regularity was linked to a decay length of excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), and the dispersion of the LIPSS orientation angle (DLOA) proposed in that study is now often used as a regularity criterion [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Editorial: Special Issue “Laser-Generated Periodic Nanostructures”

“…We aimed to attract both academic and industrial researchers in order to collate the current knowledge of nanomaterials and to present new ideas for future applications and new technologies. By 8 August 2021, 22 scientific articles have been published in the Special Issue [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], see .…”

“…Three “Feature Papers” [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] were invited by the Guest Editors for the adequate framing of this Special Issue. An additional 19 papers were published as regular contributions [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The publications in this Special Issue can generally be divided into three groups: (1) manuscripts related to self-organized laser-induced periodic surface structures [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], (2) manuscripts related to interference-based periodic surface structuring [ 17 , 22 , 27 , 29 ], or (3) manuscripts combining both approaches [ 16 , 20 ].…”

“…Several publications focus on the relevance of chemical surface alterations during or after laser-processing, including studies of superficial oxidation on the formation of specific types of LIPSS [ 18 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 30 ], chemo-capillary effects in DLIP [ 29 ], or even post-laser irradiation effects due to reactions with the environment [ 30 ]. Other publications study the fundamental mechanisms of structure formation on the basis of experimental and theoretical plasmonic approaches [ 15 , 21 , 26 ], and also in combination with a two-temperature model [ 28 ], advanced molecular dynamics simulations [ 22 ], or multi-physical hydrodynamic continuum considerations [ 31 , 34 ]. Two articles investigate in vitro the growth of different types of biological cells (either scar-forming fibroblasts or bone-forming osteoblasts) on laser-generated micro- and nanostructures for medical applications [ 19 , 25 ].…”

“…Liu et al [ 26 ] investigated the formation of LIPSS (LSFL) on tilted metal surfaces (steel, titanium, aluminum, copper) upon line scanning irradiation with s-polarized fiber laser pulses (1030 nm or 515 nm, 420 fs, 100 kHz). The authors identified a characteristically different LIPSS orientation between the group of steel and titanium, where the LSFL patterns moderately rotated by some tens of degrees at elevated angles of incidences ( θ = 30° or 45°), and the other materials Al and Cu, where the LSFL stayed always perpendicular to the laser beam polarization at all angles of incidence ( θ = 0°, 30°, 45°).…”