Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents [Invited]

Royon, Arnaud; Petit, Yannick; Papon, Gautier; Richardson, Martin; Canioni, Lionel

doi:10.1364/ome.1.000866

Cited by 81 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…DLW has led to micro and nano-photonics demonstrations of mechanical, chemical and optical contrast in the bulk or at the surface, as differential etching solubility, new linear absorption and fluorescence or plasmonic properties, as well as dielectric phase transition [2]. Nonlinear optical contrast can also appear from third-order nonlinear response enhancement due to density contrast, as proposed for perennial high density data storage [3,4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct laser writing of efficient effective second order nonlinear optical properties in a tailored silver-doped phosphate glass

Papon

Royon

Marquestaut

et al. 2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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This last decade, femtosecond (fs) direct laser writing (DLW) has proposed an exponentially growing number of achievements thanks to the simultaneous improvements in both fs laser technologies and material sciences, leading to innovative light/matter interactions [1]. DLW has led to micro and nano-photonics demonstrations of mechanical, chemical and optical contrast in the bulk or at the surface, as differential etching solubility, new linear absorption and fluorescence or plasmonic properties, as well as dielectric phase transition [2]. Nonlinear optical contrast can also appear from third-order nonlinear response enhancement due to density contrast, as proposed for perennial high density data storage [3,4]. DLW also showed second-order nonlinear optical properties, even in a glassy environment, either due to the localized crystallization of non-centrosymmetric nanocrystalittes [5] or to the production of a buried static space charge separation at the root of the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) [6].Laser-induced optical poling, leading to the EFISHG effect, is a very promising approach. Indeed, it generates very limited index changes, no phase transition and no interface, which prevents any potential high refractive index contrast and the associated drawback of light diffusion as generally the case for nano-crystallisation in bulk glassy matrices [5]. Laser-induced optical poling is thus a powerful approach for three-dimension high density data encoding, with multiple layers in the depth of the photosensitive material, which cannot be performed under thermally-assisted electric poling where the very strong permanent static electric field, leading to a few pm/V effective EFISHG amplitude, is limited to surface structuring with depths typically limited to 10 μm [7].We present here recent EFISHG results obtained thanks to the fs infrared DLW of a tailored silver co-doped phosphate glass. We report of significantly new EFISHG optical response with respect to previous works [6], associated to an original electric field spatial distribution with near-to-diffraction limit. Power and polarization scans confirm the EFISHG nature of the localized SHG signal. Coherent nonlinear microscopy imaging was also performed along the light propagation axis and modelled, so as to characterize the strong EFISHG signal and its spatial topology and orientation. Moreover, we report on the remarkably clear stability of the DLW-induced EFISHG signal with respect to thermal constraint below the glass transition temperature. These observations make the EFISHG behaviour a very attractive process for further perennial DLW for photonics applications.

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confidence: 99%

Direct laser writing of efficient effective second order nonlinear optical properties in a tailored silver-doped phosphate glass

Papon

Royon

Marquestaut

et al. 2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…DLW is at the root of many applications such as the fabrication of micro-capillaries for micro-fluidics issues, waveguide writing, optical memories, etc... New functionalities based on enhanced optical property modifications can further be developed by tailoring the material chemical composition with photosensitive agents, in order to improve its interaction with the writing laser [1]. Thus, for the laserinduced linear properties, DLW can lead to plasmonic enhancement from nanoparticles [2], fluorescence from metallic clusters [3] or oxidation degree modifications of rare earth ions [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies are related to isotropic material modifications (density change, oxidation degree changes, local crystallization, etc...) [1] while much less refer to laser-induced modifications inside crystals, being isotropic [8] or not [9]. Still, laser-induced modifications inside a crystal matrix are promising research topics for perennial optical devices and applications, thanks to the intrinsic stability of the crystalline matrix arrangement, but also for waveguide applications for efficient laser and Raman amplification as well as for frequency conversion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman and fluorescence correlative microscopy in polarized light to probe local femtosecond laser-induced amorphization of the doped monoclinic crystal LYB:Eu

Marquestaut

Dussauze

Petit

et al. 2013

Chemical Physics Letters

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An endless increasing number of laser/material interaction studies above laser-induced modification thresholds have been carried out over the past decade, either for undesirable laser-induced damages, for example in high power laser systems in relation with material ageing and material optical quality, or for profitable laser-induced alteration from direct laser writing (DLW) techniques. DLW is at the root of many applications such as the fabrication of micro-capillaries for micro-fluidics issues, waveguide writing, optical memories, etc... New functionalities based on enhanced optical property modifications can further be developed by tailoring the material chemical composition with photosensitive agents, in order to improve its interaction with the writing laser [1]. Thus, for the laserinduced linear properties, DLW can lead to plasmonic enhancement from nanoparticles [2], fluorescence from metallic clusters [3] or oxidation degree modifications of rare earth ions [4]. For the nonlinear properties, second-harmonic generation (either from locally buried electric field [5] or from locally laser-induced micro-crystallization [6]) or third-harmonic generation [7] can be obtained.Most of the studies are related to isotropic material modifications (density change, oxidation degree changes, local crystallization, etc...) [1] while much less refer to laser-induced modifications inside crystals, being isotropic [8] or not [9]. Still, laser-induced modifications inside a crystal matrix are promising research topics for perennial optical devices and applications, thanks to the intrinsic stability of the crystalline matrix arrangement, but also for waveguide applications for efficient laser and Raman amplification as well as for frequency conversion. Generally, laser-induced modifications lead to local index change, local melt, local amorphization or even local recrystallization, giving rise to differential optical properties with respect to the non-irradiated bulk matrix.In this work, we have studied the local modification induced by a femtosecond (fs) near infrared NIR laser on a monoclinic crystal matrix LYB, highly doped with Eu 3+ rare earth ions. Thanks to point-bypoint optical mapping in both Raman and fluorescence micro-spectroscopy in polarized light, we report on the local changes corresponding to partial amorphization of the LYB:Eu crystal, resulting to significant reshaping of the spectral properties in polarized light. The optical specificities of lowsymmetry crystal optics were properly taken into account, to provide meaningful interpretation of the modified Raman and fluorescence spectra. Strong laser-induced amorphization of the crystal matrix have been evidenced. An accurate characterization of the spectral variations of spatial distribution have shown (i) an homogeneous degree of amorphization within a volume at least two times larger than the laser-structuring voxel, and (ii) a variation of density within the amorphous region.Such study shows that both Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies are relevant ...

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“…Among the numerous advantages of femtoseconde DLW, one can list its large versatility with respect to the irradiated material, its ability for both bulk and surface structuring, and direct experimental access to three-dimension laser-induced micro-scale modifications.For the last years, we have been improving photosensitive glasses as tailored silver containing phosphate glasses [1], and their interaction with femtosecond infrared lasers [2,3]. We designed laser/glass interactions to engineer laser-induced modifications of both linear and nonlinear optical responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the last years, we have been improving photosensitive glasses as tailored silver containing phosphate glasses [1], and their interaction with femtosecond infrared lasers [2,3]. We designed laser/glass interactions to engineer laser-induced modifications of both linear and nonlinear optical responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Laser-Writing in silver-zinc doped phosphate glasses: correlated linear and nonlinear optical properties

Petit

Papon

Royon

et al. 2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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For the last decade, direct laser writing (DLW) has kept on providing impressive achievements in material processing, with a very broad range of both fundamental phenomena and subsequent applications. Among the numerous advantages of femtoseconde DLW, one can list its large versatility with respect to the irradiated material, its ability for both bulk and surface structuring, and direct experimental access to three-dimension laser-induced micro-scale modifications.For the last years, we have been improving photosensitive glasses as tailored silver containing phosphate glasses [1], and their interaction with femtosecond infrared lasers [2,3]. We designed laser/glass interactions to engineer laser-induced modifications of both linear and nonlinear optical responses. These modifications include absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission properties [4], but also localized nonlinear chi 3 enhancement leading to efficient third harmonic generation [5].Recently, we reported DLW of localized second-order nonlinear response, leading to second harmonic generation in our initially centro-symmetric phosphate glass [6]. Such observation resulted from laserinduced space charge separation, at the root of a strong remnant buried static electric field whose amplitude up to ~10 9 V/m is similar to what reported elsewhere from thermal poling of glasses [7].In this invited talk, we will provide an overview about results obtained with DLW in our tailored silver-containing phosphate glasses. We will specifically show recent progress about electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG), by describing both original spatial distributions as well as detailed polarization analysis to prove the EFISHG behavior [8]. Moreover, we will present correlative microscope measurements, including both the nonlinear EFISHG signal and the linear fluorescence response, each property originating from space charge separation and from silver cluster production, respectively. Such correlative study provides new interpretation of the fluorescent silver cluster formation and stabilization since we observed that such fluorescent species appear to be a subsequent consequence of the laser-induced static electric field [8]. Silver clusters are shown to appear where DLW leads such species to be stable in adequate reduction/oxidation conditions, as seen from the correlated spatial distributions of EFISHG and fluorescence.We will thus conclude with our new scheme of interpretation, for the understanding of the formation, stabilization and localization of the fluorescent silver clusters. Finally, DLW with our tailored glasses makes these materials promising for many applications as perennial high density 3D data storage or as integrated elementary bricks for future nonlinear photonics devices.

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Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents [Invited]

Cited by 81 publications

References 102 publications

Direct laser writing of efficient effective second order nonlinear optical properties in a tailored silver-doped phosphate glass

Direct laser writing of efficient effective second order nonlinear optical properties in a tailored silver-doped phosphate glass

Raman and fluorescence correlative microscopy in polarized light to probe local femtosecond laser-induced amorphization of the doped monoclinic crystal LYB:Eu

Direct Laser-Writing in silver-zinc doped phosphate glasses: correlated linear and nonlinear optical properties

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