Femtosecond x-ray pulse temporal characterization in free-electron lasers using a transverse deflector

Ding, Yuantao; Behrens, C.; Emma, P.; Frisch, J.; Huang, Zhirong; Loos, H.; Krejcik, P.; Wang, M. H.

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.14.120701

Cited by 81 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…6 indicates that the beam slice energy spread copies the distribution of FEL power. Therefore, measurement of the time-dependent energy distribution of an electron beam after the undulator sections may allow one to obtain the temporal profile of the x rays [37].…”

Section: Realistic Cases At Lcls and Lcls-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Xiang

Ding

Raubenheimer

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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We present the promise of generating gigawatt mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded freeelectron laser (FEL). We show that, by using a laser to imprint periodic modulation in electron beam phase space, a single-frequency coherent seed can be amplified and further translated to a mode-locked multichromatic output in an FEL. With this configuration the FEL output consists of a train of modelocked ultrashort pulses which span a wide frequency gap with a series of equally spaced sharp lines. These gigawatt multichromatic x rays may potentially allow one to explore the structure and dynamics of a large number of atomic states simultaneously. The feasibility of generating mode-locked x rays ranging from carbon K edge ($ 284 eV) to copper L 3 edge ($ 931 eV) is confirmed with numerical simulation using the realistic parameters of the linac coherent light source (LCLS) and LCLS-II. We anticipate that the mode-locked multichromatic x rays in FELs may open up new opportunities in x-ray spectroscopy (i.e. resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, time-resolved scattering and spectroscopy, etc.).

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Section: Realistic Cases At Lcls and Lcls-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Xiang

Ding

Raubenheimer

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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“…25). The slight slippage of the radiation pulse relative to the electron bunch is neglected here, as it is typically a small fraction of the achieved temporal resolution.…”

Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms4762mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extended the transverse deflector diagnostic scheme to retrieve the detailed X-ray pulse duration and temporal profile by measuring this lasing footprint 25 . The sketch in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Few-femtosecond time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers

et al. 2014

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X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from a few to several hundred femtoseconds, are uniquely suited for studying atomic, molecular, chemical and biological systems. Characterizing the temporal profiles of these femtosecond X-ray pulses that vary from shot to shot is not only challenging but also important for data interpretation. Here we report the time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers by using an X-band radiofrequency transverse deflector at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We demonstrate this method to be a simple, non-invasive technique with a large dynamic range for single-shot electron and X-ray temporal characterization. A resolution of less than 1 fs root mean square has been achieved for soft X-ray pulses. The lasing evolution along the undulator has been studied with the electron trapping being observed as the X-ray peak power approaches 100 GW.

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“…In recent years various methods have been proposed and developed for accurate measurements of relative arrival times (Bionta et al, 2011;Tavella et al, 2011;Dü sterer et al, 2011; Ding et al, 2011;Dü sterer et al, 2011;Inubushi et al, 2012;Grguraš et al, 2012;Riedel et al, 2013). Among these methods, the THz streak camera (Itatani et al, 2002;Frü hling et al, 2009;Grguraš et al, 2012;Helml et al, 2014;Juranić et al, 2014b) is able to measure both the length and the arrival time of the photon pulses at wavelengths ranging from UV to hard X-ray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of FEL pulse length calculation with THz streaking method

Gorgisyan

Ischebeck

Prat

et al. 2016

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Having accurate and comprehensive photon diagnostics for the X-ray pulses delivered by free-electron laser (FEL) facilities is of utmost importance. Along with various parameters of the photon beam (such as photon energy, beam intensity, etc.), the pulse length measurements are particularly useful both for the machine operators to measure the beam parameters and monitor the stability of the machine performance, and for the users carrying out pumpprobe experiments at such facilities to better understand their measurement results. One of the most promising pulse length measurement techniques used for photon diagnostics is the THz streak camera which is capable of simultaneously measuring the lengths of the photon pulses and their arrival times with respect to the pump laser. This work presents simulations of a THz streak camera performance. The simulation procedure utilizes FEL pulses with two different photon energies in hard and soft X-ray regions, respectively. It recreates the energy spectra of the photoelectrons produced by the photon pulses and streaks them by a single-cycle THz pulse. Following the pulseretrieval procedure of the THz streak camera, the lengths were calculated from the streaked spectra. To validate the pulse length calculation procedure, the precision and the accuracy of the method were estimated for streaking configuration corresponding to previously performed experiments. The obtained results show that for the discussed setup the method is capable of measuring FEL pulses with about a femtosecond accuracy and precision.

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Femtosecond x-ray pulse temporal characterization in free-electron lasers using a transverse deflector

Cited by 81 publications

References 12 publications

Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Few-femtosecond time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers

Simulation of FEL pulse length calculation with THz streaking method

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