Fenugreek

Pre-clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling study of 4-hydroxyisoleucine using validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) (Leguminosae) is a known traditional plant that is frequently used in the management of various diseases in Asian, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. [1][2][3] The seeds of the TFG plant mainly contain dietary ber (soluble ber and insoluble ber), essential oils, proteins, saponins, fatty acids, alkaloids (trigonelline, choline, etc. ), and free amino acids (4-hydroxyisoleucine, lysine), which have proven therapeutic benets, including anti-diabetic, antilipidemic, anti-hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties, in rodents as well as in clinical trials.…”

The potential of spent coffee grounds hydrolysates fermented with Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia kluyveri for developing an alcoholic beverage: The yeasts growth and chemical compounds modulation by yeast extracts

“…The decrease of theobromine and theophylline could be ascribed to their degradation to xanthine in most fungi ( Dash and Gummadi, 2006 ). The increase of trigonelline could stem from the methylation of the nitrogen atom of niacin (vitamin B3) as reported previously ( Garg, 2016 ), although we did not measure the contents of niacin. The changes in alkaloids in the present study were different from a previous work, in which SCG hydrolysates were fermented with L. thermotolerans Concerto and S. cerevisiae MERIT.…”

Bioactive metabolite profile and antioxidant properties of brown juice, a processed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by-product

“…Molecules belonging to the class of B vitamins and their derivatives were detected in non-fermented and fermented BJ, i.e., riboflavin (B2), nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (B3) and biotin (B7) each of them important precursors of or actually cofactors themselves for metabolic processes e.g., synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids (isoleucine, valine) and gluconeogenesis. Moreover, qualitative analysis revealed the presence of Trigonelline (N-methylnicotinamide), a metabolite of nicotinamide, which is an alkaloid with a wide range of regulatory functions in plants ( Minorsky, 2002 ) and various beneficial effects on animal models and human health ( Garg, 2016 ).…”