Ferroptosis: Emerging mechanisms, biological function, and therapeutic potential in cancer and inflammation

Abstract

Ferroptosis represents a distinct form of programmed cell death triggered by excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation-induced damage. This mode of cell death differentiates from classical programmed cell death in terms of morphology and biochemistry. Ferroptosis stands out for its exceptional biological characteristics and has garnered extensive research and conversations as a form of programmed cell death. Its dysfunctional activation is closely linked to the onset of diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer, making ferroptosis a promising avenue for combating these conditions. As such, exploring ferroptosis may offer innovative approaches to treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our review provides insights into the relevant regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, examining the impact of ferroptosis-related factors from both physiological and pathological perspectives. Describing the crosstalk between ferroptosis and tumor- and inflammation-associated signaling pathways and the potential of ferroptosis inducers in overcoming drug-resistant cancers are discussed, aiming to inform further novel therapeutic directions for ferroptosis in relation to inflammatory and cancer diseases.

Developing a Selection Framework for Zinc Ion-Based Biomaterial Design: Guided by the Biosafety Assessment of ZIF-8 and ZnO

“…Given the more pronounced changes observed in CTSB levels in response to nano-ZnO compared to nano-ZIF-8, we investigated several well-acknowledged indicators associated with ferroptosis to determine whether the toxicity induced by these two nanomaterials was linked to this form of cell death. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death . Therefore, we chose the C11 BODIPY 591 lipid peroxidation fluorescent probe to trace the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties in living cells .…”

“…Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death. 51 Therefore, we chose the C11 BODIPY 591 lipid peroxidation fluorescent probe to trace the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties in living cells. 52 In this assay, red fluorescence indicated a nonoxidized state of the cell membrane, while green fluorescence indicated an oxidized state.…”

Potential of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in migraine pathogenesis

“…Elevated RONS may induce a wide spectrum of damages to cellular biomolecules, including lipid peroxidation, a process that was reported in migraine patients ( Tuncel et al, 2008 ). Accumulation of iron in the brain may increase oxidative stress, induce lipid peroxidation, and trigger ferroptosis, a kind of programmed cellular death that plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and other CNS disorders, its implications in inflammation and metabolism suggest its potential in migraine pathogenesis ( Li and Huang, 2022 ; Long et al, 2023 ; Jin et al, 2024 ).…”

“…Iron imbalance and resulting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation may lead to ferroptosis, a kind of programmed cellular death that may be related to ferritinophagy, a class of specific autophagy. Ferroptosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and other CNS disorders ( Jin et al, 2024 ). Although migraine is not a typical neurodegenerative disease, a loss of neurons induced by pyroptosis, another kind of programmed cellular death, was observed in a mouse model of human migraine ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”