Fertilizer Rate-Associated Increase in Foliar Jasmonate Burst Observed in Wounded Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves is Attenuated at eCO2

Abstract

The predicted future increase in tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels will have major effects on C 3 plants and their interactions with other organisms in the biosphere. In response to attack by chewing arthropod herbivores or nectrotrophic pathogens, many plants mount a rapid and intense increase in jasmonate-related phytohormones that results in a robust defense response; however, previous studies have shown that C 3 plants grown at elevated CO 2 may have lower induced jasmonate levels, particularly in well nitrate-fertilized plants. Given the relationship between atmospheric CO 2 , photorespiration, cellular reductant and redox status, nitrogen assimilation and phytohormones, we compared wound-induced responses of the C 3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants were fertilized at two different rates (1 or 10 mM) with nitrate or ammonium and grown at ambient or elevated CO 2. In response to artificial wounding, an increase in cellular oxidative status leads to a strong increase in jasmonate phytohormones. At ambient CO 2 , increased oxidative state of nitrate-fertilized plants leads to a robust 7-iso-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine increase; however, the strong fertilizer rateassociated increase is alleviated in plants grown at elevated CO 2. As well, the changes in ascorbate in response to wounding and wound-induced salicylic acid levels may also contribute to the suppression of the jasmonate burst. Understanding the mechanism underlying the attenuation of the jasmonate burst at elevated CO 2 has important implications for fertilization strategies under future predicted climatic conditions.

Arabidopsis Transcriptomics Reveals the Role of Lipoxygenase2 (AtLOX2) in Wound-Induced Responses

“…Following the protocol described in Martinez Henao et al [ 175 ], plant samples were finely ground and extracted in ethyl acetate containing isotopically labeled standards (D6-JA, D6-JA-Ile and D4-SA (OlChemim, s.r.o)). The samples were vigorously vortexed and centrifuged (19,000× g , 10 min, 4 °C), and the supernatant was transferred to a new tube.…”