Fertilizer response for hybrid and open-pollinated canola and economic optimal nutrient levels

Smith, Elwin G.; Upadhyay, Bharat Mani; Favret, M. Lucila; Karamanos, R. E.

doi:10.4141/cjps09027

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The cited earlier studies of spring-planted canola tested open-pollinated varieties, which have been shown to have considerably lower yield potential and fertilizer requirements than currently grown hybrids (Karamanos et al, 2005;Brandt et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2010). The cited earlier studies of spring-planted canola tested open-pollinated varieties, which have been shown to have considerably lower yield potential and fertilizer requirements than currently grown hybrids (Karamanos et al, 2005;Brandt et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2010).…”

Section: Yield Response To Early Defoliation In Spring-planted Canolamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C anola is an important revenue crop in the northern Great Plains of North America, where it is cultivated on over 8 million hectare in Canada and 0.7 million hectare in the United States (Statistics Canada, 2014;USDA, 2014). Producers grow hybrid varieties with high seeding and fertilizer rates that maximize seed yield and economic potential (Karamanos et al, 2005;Brandt et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2010). Despite producers' best efforts, however, canola, like all crops, is susceptible to environmental stressors, such as hail, that may partially or fully defoliate the crop.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies leave some confusion as to how much yield loss to anticipate and how to best manage a partially or fully defoliated canola crop. The cited earlier studies of spring-planted canola tested open-pollinated varieties, which have been shown to have considerably lower yield potential and fertilizer requirements than currently grown hybrids (Karamanos et al, 2005;Brandt et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2010). Studies that have compared defoliated hybrid, openpollinated, and triazine-tolerant varieties in winter environments have had mixed results.…”

Section: Yield Response To Early Defoliation In Spring-planted Canolamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield Response to Early Defoliation in Spring‐Planted Canola

Syrovy

Shirtliffe

Zarnstorff³

2016

Crop Science

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Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a high‐value summer annual crop grown in the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States. During the early stages of its life, the crop may lose leaf area as a result of spring hail storms, frost, herbicides, animal grazing, and insects. However, little information is available on the effect of defoliation during vegetative growth on yield for spring‐planted canola. To address this gap, a five site‐year study was conducted in central Saskatchewan, Canada, to test canola recovery from partial (50%) or full (100%) defoliation at five stages before flowering (2‐, 4‐, 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐leaf stages). Partially defoliated canola plots yielded, on average, 92% of untreated control plots, while fully defoliated canola yielded 75% of controls. The yield response to defoliation timings varied; in one site‐year yield loss was minimized with earlier timings, while in the remaining site‐years, seed yield response was inconsistent or unrelated to timing. Our study shows that partial or full defoliation of summer‐cropped canola at any point during vegetative growth is likely to cause a yield loss. However the crop's substantial compensation for loss of foliage means that reseeding is rarely profitable.

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Section: Yield Response To Early Defoliation In Spring-planted Canolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yield Response To Early Defoliation In Spring-planted Canolamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield Response to Early Defoliation in Spring‐Planted Canola

Syrovy

Shirtliffe

Zarnstorff³

2016

Crop Science

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“…Canola requires high levels of N to optimize yield (Grant and Bailey, 1993; Malhi and Gill, 2004; Karamanos et al, 2005). Virtually all of the canola now grown in western Canada consists of hybrid varieties that may require an even higher N supply than open‐pollinated varieties to support their higher yield potential (Malhi et al, 2007; Cutforth et al, 2009; Smith et al, 2010; Blackshaw et al, 2011; Harker et al, 2012). As well as being costly to canola producers, applying large amounts of fertilizer N can have negative environmental effects (Henault et al, 1998; Cassman et al, 2002; Gan et al, 2011a, 2011b) and energy use efficiency (Zentner et al, 2004) impacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotational Effects of Legumes and Non‐Legumes on Hybrid Canola and Malting Barley

et al. 2014

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High costs of fertilizer in western Canada have generated interest in alternative N sources. Legumes produce N through fixation, and may increase soil residual and mineralizable N, thus reducing the need for fertilizer N in subsequent crops. Hybrid canola (Brassica napus L.) has a high N requirement for optimum yield, but knowledge of rotational effects of legumes on canola is limited. The objective was to determine the effects of legume and non-legume preceding crops on yield and quality of canola grown the following year and malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown after canola. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), canola, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvested for grain, and faba bean grown as a green manure were direct-seeded at seven locations in 2009. Canola was seeded in 2010 and barley in 2011, with fertilizer N applied at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha -1 . On average, all legumes, except faba bean for seed, produced higher canola and barley yields than when wheat was the preceding crop. Faba bean green manure produced the highest yields, while canola on canola produced the lowest canola yield. The legumes had little negative effect on canola oil or barley protein concentration. Yields of both crops increased with increasing N rate, but canola oil concentration decreased, and barley protein increased. The results indicate that growing legumes for seed before hybrid canola can improve canola and subsequent barley yield without negatively affecting canola oil or malting barley protein.

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“…In 2015, most continuous canola yield increases compared with SP occurred as a result of additional fertilizer or fungicide (Table 5). Other studies have confirmed canola yield responses to N (Cutforth et al 2009;Smith et al 2010;Blackshaw et al 2011;Harker et al 2012;O'Donovan et al 2014) or fungicides (Kutcher and Wolf 2006;Harker et al 2012), but those studies were not continuous canola. At Beaverlodge, yield increased relative to SP in every treatment that included a higher fertilizer rate.…”

Section: Canola Seed Yieldmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attempts to rescue yield loss in continuous canola with agronomic inputs

et al. 2018

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Recent canola acreage and production in western Canada have reached record high levels. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 on land previously seeded to continuous canola for 6 yr at three Canadian Prairie sites. We determined that more intensive seed inputs, fertilizer, fungicide, tillage, or chaff removal could increase continuous canola yields compared with a “standard practice” (SP) treatment or match yields compared with canola in rotation. Recommended or 50% higher fertility levels alone or in combination with a higher seeding rate, tillage, chaff removal, or additional fungicide were applied to the same plots in three successive years to determine effects after 1, 2, and 3 yr of treatment imposition. In continuous canola, blackleg incidence and severity were both reduced by fungicide treatment. In rotations where canola was preceded by wheat, blackleg incidence and severity were much lower than in continuous canola. None of the treatments improved continuous canola yields compared with SP after a single year of treatment imposition. In subsequent years, canola yield increases compared with SP usually occurred as a result of additional fertilizer, seed, or fungicide. In the final year, canola yield loss due to continuous canola was largely rescued by additional seed and fertilizer. Without additional inputs, and when preceded by a different crop, canola yields averaged 11% greater than the average of all continuous canola treatments. High fertility regimes generally reduced oil content and increased protein content relative to standard fertility in continuous canola or relative to canola preceded by wheat.

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Fertilizer response for hybrid and open-pollinated canola and economic optimal nutrient levels

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Yield Response to Early Defoliation in Spring‐Planted Canola

Yield Response to Early Defoliation in Spring‐Planted Canola

Rotational Effects of Legumes and Non‐Legumes on Hybrid Canola and Malting Barley

Attempts to rescue yield loss in continuous canola with agronomic inputs

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