Fever induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin.

Hattingh, J.; Laburn, Helen P.; Mitchell, David

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012760

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Strong ties to foreign Universities helped to establish neuroscience research which developed rapidly in the latter part of the twentieth century. Spinal surgery, for example, advanced from decompression to spinal reconstruction and internal stabilization as a result of the introduction of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and basic neuroscience research became established in many African countries (Loots et al, 1975 ; Shanley et al, 1975 ; Bengelloun et al, 1976 ; Wangai et al, 1978 ; Hattingh et al, 1979 ; Kimani and Mungai, 1983 ; Anderson et al, 1985 ; Nurse et al, 1985 ; Lakhdar-Ghazal et al, 1986 ; Bennis and Versaux-Botteri, 1995 ; McDonnell, 2004 ).…”

Section: Progress In the Twentieth And Twenty-first Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic and clinical neuroscience research emerged in the 1950s and 1960s with the neurophysiology of the spinal cord and research on Cannabis sativa (Ames, 1958 ; Holemans et al, 1966 ). In the 1970s research expanded to include neurological disorders, including porphyria, psychiatric disorders, nociception and thermoregulation in different animal species (Kramer et al, 1971 ; Loots et al, 1975 ; Shanley et al, 1975 ; Woolf et al, 1977 ; Hattingh et al, 1979 ). In the 1980s and more recently, in collaboration with other countries in Africa, attempts were made to understand the success of traditional healers in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders (Wessels, 1985 ; Gureje et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

Russell

2017

Front. Neuroanat.

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Neuroscience began with neuroanatomy and neurosurgery in Egypt more than 5000 years ago. Knowledge grew over time and specialized neurosurgery centers were established in north Africa in the eleventh century. However, it was not until the twentieth century that neuroscience research became established in sub-Saharan Africa. In most African countries, clinical research focused on understanding the rationale and improving treatment of epilepsy, infections, nutritional neuropathies, stroke and tumors. Significant advances were made. In the twenty-first century, African knowledge expanded to include all branches of neuroscience, contributing to genetic, biochemical and inflammatory determinants of brain disorders. A major focus of basic neuroscience research has been, and is, investigation of plant extracts, drugs and stress in animal models, providing insight and identifying potential novel therapies. A significant event in the history of African neuroscience was the founding of the Society of Neuroscientists of Africa (SONA) in 1993. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) supported SONA conferences, as well as workshops and neuroscience training schools in Africa. Thanks to their investment, as well as that of funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), World Federation of Neurology (WFN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), neuroscience research is well-established in Africa today. However, in order to continue to develop, African neuroscience needs continued international support and African neuroscientists need to engage in policy and decision-making to persuade governments to fund studies that address the unique regional needs in Africa.

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Section: Progress In the Twentieth And Twenty-first Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

Russell

2017

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…Lipid A is not soluble in water and, in the studies mentioned, the lipid was either solubilized by admixture to bovine serum albumin or other albumin, or dissolved in an aqueous solution of the organic solvent triethylamine. We have reported recently that intravenous bovine serum albumin itself is pyrogenic in rabbits (Hattingh, Laburn & Mitchell, 1979). Is it possible that the putative pyrogenicity of lipid A is an artifact resulting from the use of pyrogenic vehicles?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the pyrogenic action of intravenous lipid A in rabbits.

Kenedi¹,

Laburn²,

Mitchell³

et al. 1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Previous evidence purporting to show that lipid A is the pyrogenic moiety of endotoxin is demonstrably inconclusive.2. We have extracted lipid A from endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa and tested the pyrogenic action of the lipid A, the residual polysaccharide and the parent endotoxin, by intravenous injection in conscious rabbits.3. Lipid A dissolved in an aqueous solution of rabbit serum albumin induced a significant pyrexia of short latency, while neither rabbit serum albumin alone, nor the polysaccharide from S. typhosa, affected body temperature. The physical presence in the injectate ofthe polysaccharide from S. typhosa did not enhance the pyrogenicity of the lipid.4. Dose-response curves for lipid A and the parent endotoxin, over the dose range 10 ng-20 jug, showed that lipid A incorporated in endotoxin was much more pyrogenic than pure lipid A in solution. When separated from the polysaccharide component of endotoxin, lipid A lost more than 99-9 % of its pyrogenic activity, at threshold doses.

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Endogenous Pyrogens

Gander¹

1982

Pyretics and Antipyretics

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Fever induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin.

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa

On the pyrogenic action of intravenous lipid A in rabbits.

Endogenous Pyrogens

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