“…Luminescence time response measurement is the most commonly used method because it is relatively simple and intensely independent of the amount of excited light [15,45]. Crystals showing the temperature dependence of the lifetime of excited light-generating electrons are ruby (chromium-doped sapphire) [15][16][17][18][19][20], alexandrite [15,16,19,46,47], Cr:LiSAF [15,16,19,48,49], Cr:YAG, or Nd 3+ :YAG [15,16,19,21,50].…”