Fiber waviness and its effect on the mechanical performance of fiber reinforced polymer composites: An enhanced review

Alves, Mariana Pimenta; Cimini, Carlos Alberto; Ha, S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106526

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…An important parameter controlling the waviness-dependent properties is the wave amplitude and wavelength ratio (a/ λ ) [ 31 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Rai et al [ 39 ] proved this theoretically, and the latter has been experimentally proven [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Two primary causes of waviness are the residual stress originating during curing and local buckling of fibres during filament winding [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Ideal properties associated with straight fibre materials are assumed when conducting structural analysis; this is a flawed practice, because these properties are either over-estimated or under-estimated in terms of the true experimental values (these take into account the presence of waviness) [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Loading of composite structures with ply waviness causes a three-dimensional stress state that can reduce their stiffness and strength, which is of particular concern in real-time applications such as wind turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loading of composite structures with ply waviness causes a three-dimensional stress state that can reduce their stiffness and strength, which is of particular concern in real-time applications such as wind turbines. Load-bearing parts with ply waviness in wind turbines, such as spar caps, lead to early global failure and kinking of the entire blade structure; thus ply waviness can cause structural problems, which must be considered in the analysis and design process of wind turbine blades [ 36 ]. An important parameter controlling the waviness-dependent properties is the wave amplitude and wavelength ratio (a/ λ ) [ 31 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While studying waviness in polymer composites, the current research has sought to understand the mechanical performance in tension, compression, and fatigue [ 44 ]. Several studies [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] have aimed to predict the strength and stiffness reduction in the presence of waviness. The effect of waviness on flexural strength has been less explored experimentally, Allison and Evans [ 45 ] studied the effect of waviness on flexural performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hybridization and Ply Waviness on the Flexural Strength of Polymer Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Subadra

Griškevičius

2022

Polymers

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The study aims to ascertain the influence of hybridisation and ply waviness on the flexural behaviour of polymer composites. Two different resin systems, namely epoxy and Poly(methyl methacrylate)-PMMA, were chosen for the study, wherein two batches of carbon/glass hybrid composites (CGHC) were fabricated with the two resin systems. In addition to CGHC samples, four other neat batches with waviness (glass/epoxy and glass/PMMA) were prepared to study the effect of out-of-plane ply waviness. Two sets were additionally made with in-plane waviness (angles ranging from 15–35°) with epoxy to further understand the effect of waviness on flexural behaviour. Thereafter, two more batches of samples with neither waviness nor hybrid architectures were tested to achieve a better understanding of hybridization and the presence of waviness. It was seen that the hybridization of polymer composites introduces a pseudo-ductile behaviour in brittle composites, which makes the failure more predictable. An energy-based model was implemented to quantify the ductility introduced by hybridization. The presence of in-plane waviness increased the flexural load but reduced the modulus considerably. The presence of out-of-plane waviness decreased the flexural properties of composites drastically, though the displacement rate was seen to increase considerably. From the comparison between epoxy and PMMA, it was seen that PMMA exhibited similar flexural properties vis-à-vis epoxy. PMMA is easy to re-cycle and thus could serve as an ideal replacement for epoxy resin. Finally, a numerical model was built based on an LS-DYNA commercial solver; the model predicted the flexural behaviour close to what was seen in the experiments. The model could be calibrated correctly by ascertaining the influence of failure strain in the longitudinal direction, which is fibre dependent, and the failure strain in the transverse direction, which is matrix dependent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Hybridization and Ply Waviness on the Flexural Strength of Polymer Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Subadra

Griškevičius

2022

Polymers

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“…Many studies have been carried out on the formation of fiber waviness defects and the influence of fiber waviness defects on the mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced composites. Recent studies were summarized in Alves et al [1] and Kulkarni et al [2]. The formation of fiber waviness is mainly caused by the selected processing methods and the geometry features of composite structures [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Compressive Failure of Composite Laminates with Fiber Waviness Defects

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Fiber waviness defects are found in the inner surface of the hat-shaped stringers manufactured by a process system. In order to establish the acceptance criterion for the stringers with the fiber waviness defects, experimental testing and numerical simulation were carried out in this study. Specially induced fiber waviness defects of four pre-defined severity levels were manufactured and tested. A maximum of a 58.1% drop in compressive failure load is observed for the most severe level in the experimental results. A finite element model with progressive damage method and cohesive zone technique was developed to simulate the failure process and the impact of fiber waviness defects. The numerical simulation results of compressive failure load have a good agreement with experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, two simple parameters, i.e., aspect ratio A/H and the number of plies with fiber waviness, are proposed to characterize the influence of the fiber waviness on the compressive failure load for the purpose of fast engineering quality checks.

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Microscale and mesoscale modeling for compressive failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with random distribution of fiber misalignments

Xie,

Ning

2024

Polymer Composites

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Compressive strength and failure mode of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are affected by the severity of fiber misalignment. In this paper, numerical models based on computational micromechanics are proposed to investigate the correlation between fiber misalignment and compression failure. A single‐fiber micromodel including fiber, matrix, and interface phases is first developed to capture the influence of misalignment severity on the material failure mode. The failure longitudinal stress distribution in the fiber predicted by the micromodel indicates that the failure mode depending on the initial misalignment can be identified as uniform compression failure, compression‐bending combination collapse, and fiber buckle. A mesoscale 2D model with multiple fibers is then constructed to investigate the kink band formation. This model takes into account the distribution of fiber misalignments to capture the key geometric features of fiber misalignment that influent the compression failure in realistic composite materials at the structural scale. The results show that fiber misalignment angle amplitude, misalignment dispersion (characterized by the standard deviation), and misalignment wavelength are the key parameters of fiber misalignment, which have significant effects on compression strength and kink band geometry.Highlights Single‐fiber model to capture the effect of misalignment severity on failure mode. Multi‐fiber model with randomly distributed fiber misalignments. Failure mode depending on the severity of initial misalignment was identified. Key parameters of misalignment on compression strength and kink band geometry.

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Fiber waviness and its effect on the mechanical performance of fiber reinforced polymer composites: An enhanced review

Cited by 64 publications

References 73 publications

Effect of Hybridization and Ply Waviness on the Flexural Strength of Polymer Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Effect of Hybridization and Ply Waviness on the Flexural Strength of Polymer Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Compressive Failure of Composite Laminates with Fiber Waviness Defects

Microscale and mesoscale modeling for compressive failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with random distribution of fiber misalignments

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