Fibre diameter and insulation in alpacas: The biophysical implications

Moore, Kelsie; Blache, Dominique; Maloney, Shane K.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.01.012

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…They produce sweat, mostly composed of water, mineral salts, some proteins and fatty substances [11,12,15,22,23,25,27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For alpacas, this gland is extremely important because it confers softness, texture and resistance to its fibers [10][11][12][13][14][21][22][23][24][25], which makes a difference to the analysis of fiber quality, determining the factors required and required by the textile industries [29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a negative correlation between follicular density and fiber thickness. The main histological characteristic of thin fibers is the larger number of secondary follicles, as it has been widely demonstrated that animals with smaller fiber thickness have a higher number of secondary follicles [12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

Sasahara

McManus

Neira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Alpacas are reared mainly for fiber extraction, which is a highly valued product in the textile industry. For this reason, this work aims to evaluate the morphological and quantitative aspects of the light and dark alpaca skin of Huacaya and Suri alpacas, comparing the structure and architecture of the scapular, costal and lateral femoral skin. Biopsies were collected from the skin of 12 alpacas from the Pacomarca Experimental Fund, located at Puno - Peru. The samples were weighed and fixed in 10% aqueous formalin solution for histological procedures. The histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, Picrossirius red and Masson Trichromic and immunostained for types I, III and IV collagen and S100.Results: The derma presented sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as follicular groups with primary and secondary hair follicles. Each follicle had a hair called fiber, some with medulla and some without, but both surrounded by cortex and cuticle. The skin presented similar immunostaining for type I, II and IV and S100. Collagen III was detected only in the derma. The total volume of the skin, derma, follicular groups and sebaceous and sweat glands was estimated by stereology for the three body regions for both Huacaya and Suri alpacas. The total volume of skin (Vref) and total volume of follicular groups (VGF) were different for body regions. Femoral region showed higher values for VGF. Colour and breed were also different for Vref and total volume of derma (VD).Conclusion: Comparing the two breeds the femoral region presented higher fiber production. Dark animals had more derma and it was reported close relationship between total skin volume and their fractions volumes: derma, follicular groups and sweat glands.

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“…They produce sweat, mostly composed of water, mineral salts, some proteins and fatty substances [11,12,15,22,23,25,27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

Sasahara

McManus

Neira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Já se sabe que para os camelídeos segundo (ATLEE et al, 1997;ANTONINI;GONZALES;VALBONESI, 2004;BADAJOZ et al, 2009;VÉLEZ et al, 2009VÉLEZ et al, , 2016ANTONINI, 2010;LACOLLA et al, 2010;MALONEY, 2011; FERGUSON; MCGREGOR; BEHRENDT, 2012), os grupos foliculares apresentam mais de um folículo primário e vários folículos secundários. Conforme os pelos emergem vão se juntando para compartilhar um mesmo folículo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Há portanto uma correlação negativa entre a densidade folicular e a delicadeza das fibras. Quanto maior a densidade folicular, menor o diâmetro da fibra(TORRES DE JASAUI et al, 2007;MALONEY, 2011;VÉLEZ et al, 2016).A fibra interiormente no seu interior pode ser fortemente medulada, sendo a mesma contínua, fragmentada, interrompida ou simplesmente ausente(GERKEN, 2010;PINARES et al, 2018). Em fibras espessas o diâmetro da medula, pode apresentar uma oscilação entre 0.25% e 0.30% de diâmetro.…”

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>b<Arquitetura e estrutura da pelagem da Alpaca(>i<Vicugna pacos>/i<)>/b<

Neira¹

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Alpacas are mainly raised for fiber production, which is a highly valued product in the textile industry. Therefore the purpose of this project aims to evaluate morphological and quantitative aspects of alpaca´s coat in Huacaya and Suri breeds, comparing the structure and architecture of the skin forelimb lateral region, thoracic lateral region, and hind limb lateral region, with three sub-regions: scapular, costal and lateral femoral respectively. For this project, 8 mm biopsies were collected from the coat of 12 alpacas, from the Pacomarca Experimental Fund, located in the city of Puno-Peru. The samples were weighed, immersed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution and then processed. After that, they were cut into fragments of 2 mm each, in order to obtain random samples for Stereological analyzes. Hematoxylin and Eosin, Picrosirius Red and Masson's Trichrome stains were used for the microscopic analysis. This last staining was also required for Stereological analysis. After obtaining the images, a slide with the points system was added to each sample in order to count the structures to be evaluated. Subsequently, markers for type I, III and IV collagen proteins were used to perform immunohistochemical analysis, as well as for S100. The structures found in the integumentary system of alpacas were the components of the skin, such as the epidermis, the dermis, and separating the two structures, the basal lamina. In the dermis it was possible to observed the sebaceous glands and sweat glands, as well as the follicular groups formed by primary follicles and secondary hair follicles in abundance. From each of these follicles a hair emerged called fiber. One of the factors used for this evaluation was the observation of the fibers diameter, which was measured in samples obtained from the costal region of the alpacas, and carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy technique. Measurements of 12.65 μm up to 55.00 μm were obtained. It was possible to observed fibers that had marrow and others that did not have marrow, making it possible to differ them in the three layers that composed the hair. Together, with the marrow, they composed the cortex and the cuticle, in addition to the layers of the hair follicle. Extracellular matrix proteins were also evaluated, in which type III collagen fibers were found, which marked only the collagen and reticular fibers present in the dermis and presenting a different marking when compared to the other collagens including S100 protein. The volume of the skin, dermis, follicular groups, sebaceous glands and sweat glands were evaluated through Stereological analysis, among the three body regions of each group of alpacas at a significance level of p <0.05, resulting in differences in the mean volume of the dermis and the mean volume of follicular groups in dark-colored Suri alpacas. The four groups of alpacas for each body region were also compared, with a significance level of p<0.05, and p>0.05 for the mean volumes of skin and dermis in the lateral femoral region.

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Super‐Durable, Low‐Wear, and High‐Performance Fur‐Brush Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wind and Water Energy Harvesting for Smart Agriculture

Chen

Shu

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

257

151

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The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as a promising energy harvesting technology, provides a new approach for the realization of the Internet of Things (IoTs). However, material abrasion severely limits its practical applications because of the deterioration in mechanical durability and electrical stability. Here, naturally available animal furs are introduced, owing to their superiorities of extremely low wear, high performance and humidity resistance. More than 10 times the electric output is observed relative to the conventional TENG, even at low driving torque. The transferred charge of fur‐brush TENG (FB‐TENG) exhibits only 5.6% attenuation after continuous operation for 300 000 cycles, maintaining high output performance even if the relative humidity increases up to 90%. Furthermore, a counter‐rotating structure is first designed to further increase the output by doubling the relative rotation speed. Based on this mechanism, a significantly elevated output current of 36.6% is obtained in ambient conditions. Finally, self‐powered automatic irrigation, weather monitoring and wireless water level warning multifunctional management systems are realized by collecting the wind and water flow energy. This work provides a strategy of reducing wear on the premise of high performance, which lays a foundation for effective environmental energy harvesting toward practical applications in big data and the IoTs.

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Fibre diameter and insulation in alpacas: The biophysical implications

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

>b<Arquitetura e estrutura da pelagem da Alpaca(>i<Vicugna pacos>/i<)>/b<

Super‐Durable, Low‐Wear, and High‐Performance Fur‐Brush Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wind and Water Energy Harvesting for Smart Agriculture

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