Fibroblasts at the curtain call: from ensemble to principal dancers in immunometabolism and inflammaging

Abstract

Fibroblasts at the curtain call: from ensemble to principal dancers in immunometabolism and inflammaging Inflammation is a necessary step in response to injuries, being vital in restoring homeostasis and facilitating tissue healing. Among the cells that play a crucial role in inflammatory responses, stromal cells, including fibroblasts, have an undeniable significance in fine-tuning the magnitude of mediators that directly affect hyper-inflammatory responses and tissue destruction. Fibroblasts, the dominant cells in the gingival connective tissue, are a very heterogeneous population of cells, and more recently they have been receiving well deserved attention as central players and often the 'principal dancers' of many pathological processes ranging from inflammation and fibrosis to altered immunity and cancer. The goal of the current investigation is to dive into the exact role of the stromal fibroblast and the responsible mechanistic factors involved in both regulation and dysregulation of the inflammatory responses.This article reviews the most recent literature on how fibroblasts, in their different activation states or subtypes, play a crucial role in contributing to inflammatory outcomes. We will focus on recent findings on inflammatory diseases. We will also provide connections regarding the stromal-immune relationship, which supports the idea of fibroblast coming out from the 'ensemble' of cell types to the protagonist role in immunometabolism and inflammaging. Additionally, we discuss the current advances in variation of fibroblast nomenclature and division into clusters with their own suggested function and particularities in gene expression. Here, we provide a perspective for the periodontal implications, discussing the fibroblast role in the infectiondriven and inflammatory mediated diseases such as periodontitis.

Prediction of diabetes disease using an ensemble of machine learning multi-classifier models

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In Vitro Characterization of Reversine-Treated Gingival Fibroblasts and Their Safety Evaluation after In Vivo Transplantation

“…Additionally, fibroblasts share phenotypic and regenerative properties with stem cells, particularly the oral cavity populations. Due to their plasticity, GFs have been used to successfully generate iPSCs and in transdifferentiation processes to obtain osteogenic cells [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Also, these cells present with other advantages: easy harvesting at the dental office with rapid regeneration, no ethical or compatibility problems when used as an autologous cell source, and, if we intend to regenerate oral tissues, the same microenvironment [ 47 , 48 ].…”