“…Obstruction, infection, trauma, chronic irritation, hormonal imbalance and developmental defects are mentioned as possible causes (Reichle and others 2003). Human cases of UFEP have been reported in the paediatric age group and even in neonates (Stukart and others 1984), including two cases associated with congenital ureteral diverticulum (Franco and others 1988). In veterinary patients, an association with urinary tract infection is possible, with two previously reported cases having positive urine cultures (Reichle and others 2003).…”