Fictions of Privacy: House Chapels and the Spatial Accommodation of Religious Dissent in Early Modern Europe

Dreams of an Iconic Mosque: Spatial and Temporal Entanglements of a Converted Church in Amsterdam

“…"Hidden, " or clandestine, churches (in)famously exemplify the political strategy of dealing with religious diversity in the officially Calvinist Dutch Republic. Catholic and non-Calvinist Protestant churches were banned, but tolerated in practice as long as they remained out of public sight (Kaplan 2002(Kaplan , 1034. Benjamin Kaplan argues that clandestine churches, of which there were at least 30 in Amsterdam alone in 1700, played an important role in managing the distinction between public and private worship: "By containing religious dissent within spaces demarcated as private, schuilkerken preserved the monopoly of a community's official church in the public sphere" (2002,1036).…”

Reimagining Religious Identity: The Moor in Dutch and English Pamphlets, 1550–1620*

“…124 Ibid., Aiiij r . 125 See especially Kaplan, 1991 and a merchant called R. S., writing from Morocco on 9 September 1612. Unlike the Dutch account just cited, this work -written while the prophetking was still in power -strongly imputes a diabolical motivation to Ab u Mahall ı's ostensibly pious appearance and actions.…”

“…For how Dutch writers depicted the New World, see Schmidt. 148 For several decades a large proportion of Dutch residents did not belong to any denomination: see Pollmann; Kaplan, 1994. 149 See Pollmann. relationships surely helped in reshaping attitudes toward those of other religions.…”

“…What they found there was not, however, complete freedom of worship, as Catholics periodically suffered the raiding of their schuilkerken by sheriffs, but such harassment was far removed from the vicious persecution of the 11 Kaplan, 2002;ibid., 2007a, 172-83; for Catholics in the Dutch Republic, see Kooi, 2012;Parker;Kooi, 1995 and Exceptions to the schuilkerken rule were eventually made for ''foreign'' faiths, such as Lutheranism, which attracted mostly German merchants and immigrants, and Jews: Kaplan 2007b, 12. 12 Swetchinski, 66-67, 72-77.…”

Ethnic Amsterdam : Immigrants and Urban Change in the Twentieth Century

“…Religious minorities were not allowed public religious services and had to perform them secretly (Kaplan 2002). In almost all big cities in the northern part of the country, one can find traces of hidden churches (schuilkerken).…”