Field efficacy of different combinations of Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus against the major diseases of tomato in Uttarakhand (India)

Kabdwal, Bhupesh Chandra; Sharma, Roopali; Tewari, Rashmi; Tewari, A. K.; Singh, Rajesh; Dandona, Jatinder Kumar

doi:10.1186/s41938-018-0103-7

Cited by 66 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In contrast, in the study of Colla et al (2015), R. irregularis co-inoculated with T. atroviride enhanced crop growth more than each of the microorganisms alone. Also Kabdwal et al (2019) observed best plant performance when multiple plant-beneficial microorganisms, including T. harzianum and AM fungi, were applied. Since soil-born beneficial microbes play a pivotal role in the functioning of plants by influencing their physiology and development (Mendes et al, 2013), further studies are needed to investigate the possible outcome when a plant is involved in interactions between different beneficial agents, including ectomycorrhizal fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trichoderma Species Differ in Their Volatile Profiles and in Antagonism Toward Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria bicolor

et al. 2019

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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are economically important due to their plant growth- and performance-promoting effects, such as improved nutrient supply, mycoparasitism of plant-pathogens and priming of plant defense. Due to their mycotrophic lifestyle, however, they might also be antagonistic to other plant-beneficial fungi, such as mycorrhiza-forming species. Trichoderma spp. release a high diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which likely play a decisive role in the inter-species communication. It has been shown that Trichoderma VOCs can inhibit growth of some plant pathogens, but their inhibition potentials during early interactions with mutualistic fungi remain unknown. Laccaria bicolor is a common ectomycorrhizal fungus which in symbiotic relationship is well known to facilitate plant performance. Here, we investigated the VOC profiles of three strains of Trichoderma species, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma Hamatum , and Trichoderma velutinum , as well as L. bicolor by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS). We further examined the fungal performance and the VOC emission profiles during confrontation of the Trichoderma species with L. bicolor in different co-cultivation scenarios. The VOC profiles of the three Trichoderma species were highly species-dependent. T. harzianum was the strongest VOC emitter with the most diverse compound pattern, followed by T. hamatum and T. velutinum . Co-cultivation of Trichoderma spp. and L. bicolor altered the VOC emission patterns dramatically in some scenarios. The co-cultivations also revealed contact degree-dependent inhibition of one of the fungal partners. Trichoderma growth was at least partially inhibited when sharing the same headspace with L. bicolor . In direct contact between both mycelia, however, L. bicolor growth was impaired, indicating that Trichoderma and L. bicolor apply different effectors when defending their territory. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that all examined individual fungal species in axenic cultures, as well as their co-cultivations were characterized by a distinct VOC emission pattern. The results underline the importance of VOCs in fungal interactions and reveal unexpected adjustability of the VOC emissions according to the specific biotic environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trichoderma Species Differ in Their Volatile Profiles and in Antagonism Toward Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria bicolor

et al. 2019

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“…Meanwhile, the biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma species is a complex process mediated by the secretion of extracellular enzymes, such as chitinases, β-glucanases, and proteinases, as well as secondary metabolites (Kumar et al, 2014b). Integrated treatment comprising of soil application of combined biocontrol agents was found very effective in reducing the plant mortality, promoting the plant growth, and increasing the yield (Jambhulkar et al, 2018;Kabdwal et al, 2019).…”

Section: Disease Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Chandrashekara et al (2012), the degree of virulence plays a role in causing wilting symptoms rather than population density, while the virulence mechanism is closely related to several factors, such as host range, geographic distribution, physiological characteristics, and its adaptability to environmental temperature. The combined biocontrol agents were found very effective in reducing plant mortality (Kabdwal et al, 2019).…”

Section: Incubation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 Alone or in Combination Against Stem Rot of Pakcoy

2019

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Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 alone or in combination in suppressing stem rot of pakcoy and on pakcoy growth has been demonstrated. The research was carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory and Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. A split-plot design was used with application time (before and after inoculation of Sclerotium rolfsii) as main plot and Bio P60, Bio T10, and Bio P60 + Bio T10) as sub-plot. Observed variables were incubation period, disease intensity, crop height, number of leaves, and crop fresh weight. Results of the research showed that single and combined application of Bio T10 and Bio P60 did not differ in the suppression of stem-end rot in pakcoy. The combination of Bio T10 + Bio P60 was able to control the disease by delaying the incubation period and suppressing the disease intensity respectively by 37.48-39.16% and 54.77-6191% compared to controls. Combined Bio T10 + Bio P60 was able to improve plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants as 29.99-46.62, 24.39-35.07, and 71,17%, respectively, compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that the raw secondary metabolites of Bio P60 and Bio T10 either alone or in combination could be applied for the prevention or treatment of the diseases in pakcoy.

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“…Many studies have proved that PGPR have great potential to suppress the plant pathogens and increasing plant growth under greenhouse conditions (Kabdwal et al, 2019). These PGPR induce systemic resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens due to their root colonization ability (Salem and Abd El-Shafea, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of chili damping off disease, caused byPythium myriotylum

Hyder

Gondal

Rizvi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete causes post-emergence damping off in chilli pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is eye catching strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test their potential to suppress damping off and plant growth promotion in chilli. Out of total 28 antagonists, 8 bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C and RH-87) significantly suppressed the colony growth of P. myriotylum in dual culture experiment. All the tested bacterial isolates were characterized for biochemical attributes, and 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates as Flavobacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas libanensis. All the tested bacterial isolates showed positive test results for ammonia production, starch hydrolase (except 4a2), and hydrogen cyanide production (except 4a2 and 1D). All the tested antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid (13.4-39.0 μg ml−1), solubilized inorganic phosphate (75–103 μgml-1) and produced siderophores (17.1–23.7%) in vitro. All the tested bacterial isolates showed varied level of susceptibility and resistance response against different antibiotics and all these bacterial isolates were found non-pathogenic to chill seeds and notably enhanced percentage seed germination, plumule, redical length and vigor index over un-inoculated control. Additionally, under pathogen pressure, bacterization increased the defense related enzymes (PO, PPO and PAL) activates. Moreover, chilli seeds treatment with these bacterial isolates significantly suppressed damping-off caused by P. myriotylum, and improved PGP traits as compared to control. In addition, a positive correlation was noticed between shoot, root length and dry shoot and root weigh and a negative correlation was seen between dry shoot, root weight and seedling percentage mortality. These results showed that native PGPR possess multiple traits beneficial to the chilli plants and can be used to develop eco-friendly and effective seed treatment formulation as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

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Field efficacy of different combinations of Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus against the major diseases of tomato in Uttarakhand (India)

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Trichoderma Species Differ in Their Volatile Profiles and in Antagonism Toward Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria bicolor

Trichoderma Species Differ in Their Volatile Profiles and in Antagonism Toward Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria bicolor

Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 Alone or in Combination Against Stem Rot of Pakcoy

Biological control of chili damping off disease, caused byPythium myriotylum

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