Field experience with sympathetic tripping in distribution networks: problems and solutions

Fuse saving coordination scheme for active distribution systems: State‐of‐the‐art and a novel quasi‐voltage current based scheme

“…Therefore, this current may cause the fuse malfunction, resulting in unwanted de‐energization of the lateral consumers. This phenomenon is know an sympathetic operation [74–76].…”

Kablo yoğun Türk dağıtım şebekelerinde kapasitif akım temelli hatalı açmaların engellenmesi için yöntem-hibritasyonu

“…Dağıtım şebekesinde Tanım 3 özelinde gerçekleşen hatalı açmaların sebepleri; kesici anahtarlaması, gerilim yükselmeleri, yüksek oranda dağıtık üretim kullanılması, motorların başlatma akımları, aynı kablo yolundan giden kabloların ortak kuplaj etkisi ve kabloların kapasitif akımları şeklinde sıralamak mümkündür. Bu sebeplerin ayrı ayrı analiz edildiği çalışmalar literatürde bulunabilmektedir [19]. Bu çalışma kapsamında yeraltı kablolarının kapasitif akımı kaynaklı hatalı açmalar üzerine odaklanılmış olup diğer parametrelerin detaylı analizleri gelecek çalışmalarda incelenecektir.…”

Microgrid Protection Challenges and Mitigation Approaches–A Comprehensive Review

“…Faults current limiter-based adaptive overcurrent protection method is presented in articles [163], [164], to solve the protection problems related to the faults/events during grid-connected and islanded operational modes of the microgrid. Logic overcurrent and earth fault protection methods are presented in an article [171], to solve the protection problem related to false tripping. Differential protection based on differential relay [172], [173], [175]- [180], data mining, Fourier transform [176], Hilbert-Haung transform [181], [182], time-frequency transform [183], multi-agent scheme [177], and probabilistic method [184], is proposed to solve the microgrid protection issues related to faults/events during grid-connected and islanded operational modes of the microgrid, false tripping, unbalanced fault and high impedance fault.…”

“…Differential protection based on differential relay [172], [173], [175]- [180], data mining, Fourier transform [176], Hilbert-Haung transform [181], [182], time-frequency transform [183], multi-agent scheme [177], and probabilistic method [184], is proposed to solve the microgrid protection issues related to faults/events during grid-connected and islanded operational modes of the microgrid, false tripping, unbalanced fault and high impedance fault. The ground relaybased distance protection scheme is implemented in an article [171], [185] to solve protection problems related to false tripping. Adaptive protection scheme is proposed in articles [71], [186]- [188], to solve the faults/events during grid-connected and islanded operational modes, cyber security threats, and auto-recloser protection problems.…”

“…This paper summarises most of the microgrid protection challenges and listed solutions from current researches which can be a key resource for designing advanced protection schemes for all the challenges. -Faults/Events during grid-connected mode [149], [161], [169], [170], [172], [174] -Faults/Events during islanded mode [149], [161], [167], [169], [170], [172], [174] -Selection of PDs/switch [161] -Dynamics in fault current magnitude [149], [169], [170], [174] -Ati-Islanding Protection [170], [173] -False/sympathy tripping [165], [166], [171] -Unbalanced fault [172] -Loss of coordination [173] Merits: -Suitable for both islanded and grid-connected modes of the microgrid operations -Overcurrent relays pickup settings are changed according to operational mode Demerits: -Different relays settings are required for different operational conditions -Essential to modified relays settings with respect to operational modes -Essential to recognize different microgrid configurations -Increase computational burden for big size microgrid -Communication link is needed -High operational cost -Centralized controller is needed Differential protection: -Differential relay [172], [173], [175]- [180] -Data mining [176] -Fourier transform [176] -Hilbert-Huang transform [181], [182] -Time-frequency transform [183] -Multi-agent scheme [177] -Probabilistic method [184] -Differential relay…”