Field trials of CpGV virus isolates overcoming resistance to CpGV-M

Berling, Marie; Rey, Jean-Baptiste; Ondet, Sophie-Joy; Tallot, Yannis; Soubabère, Olivier; Bonhomme, Antoine; Sauphanor, Benoît; López‐Ferber, M.

doi:10.1007/s12250-009-3056-x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…After resistance-breaking CpGV isolates were identified (14, 21) and after it was shown that CpGV resistance is targeted against CpGV isolates belonging to genome group A, resistance-breaking CpGV isolates from different genome groups were successfully tested in the field and eventually registered (22,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For CpRR1, systemic resistance in all instars was observed, and an early block in virus replication was found to be inherited in an incompletely dominant monogenic mode linked to the Z chromosome (13,19,20). It was further found that CpGV resistance had developed only against the commercially used CpGV-M (genome group A), whereas other CpGVs from genome groups B to E were able to break resistance (4,14,21,22). Strikingly, the genomes of all resistance-breaking CpGVs of genome groups B to E had only a single common difference from CpGV-M, which was the insertion of a 24-bp repeat motif in the open reading frame (ORF) pe38 of CpGV-M (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was expected that CpGV resistance in other regions in Europe would follow a mode similar to that of CpRR1, because (i) a Z-chromosomal dominant inheritance was determined for several widely separated CM populations in Germany, France, and the Czech Republic (13,19,25,26); and (ii) the resistant CM populations in Europe were susceptible to resistance-breaking CpGV isolates, several of which have been registered and used as new CpGV products in Europe (10,21,22,(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a Second Type of Resistance against Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in Field Populations of Codling Moths

Jehle

Schulze-Bopp

Undorf-Spahn

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is an important biocontrol agent for the codling moth (CM) in organic and integrated apple production worldwide. Previously, Z chromosome-linked dominant resistance in at least 38 CM field populations in Europe was reported, threatening organic apple production. Growers responded by switching to a different resistance-breaking isolate of CpGV that could control these populations. Here, we report a nonuniform response of different CM field populations to CpGV isolates from CpGV genome groups A to E. Even more strikingly, one field population, NRW-WE, was resistant to all known CpGV genome groups except group B. Single-pair crossing experiments with a susceptible strain, followed by resistance testing of the F 1 offspring, clearly indicated cross-resistance to CpGV isolates that had been considered to be resistance breaking. This finding provides clear evidence of a second, broader type of CpGV resistance with a novel mode of inheritance that cannot be fully explained by Z-linkage of resistance.IMPORTANCE CpGV is registered and used in virtually all commercial apple growing areas worldwide and is therefore the most widely used baculovirus biocontrol agent. Recently, resistance to CpGV products was reported in different countries in Europe, threatening organic growers who rely almost exclusively on CpGV products. This resistance appeared to be targeted against a 24-bp repeat in the pe38 gene in isolate CpGV-M of genome group A, which had been used commercially for many years. On the other hand, resistance could be broken by CpGV isolates from CpGV genome groups B to E. Here, we report clear evidence of a second type of field resistance that is also directed against resistance-breaking isolates of CpGV genome groups C, D, and E and which appears not to be targeted against CpGV pe38. Therefore, we propose to differentiate between type I resistance, which is targeted against pe38 of CpGV genome group A, and a novel type II resistance with an unknown molecular target. This finding stresses the need for further adoption of resistance management strategies for CpGV, since growers cannot rely solely on the use of resistance-breaking CpGV isolates.KEYWORDS baculovirus, biological control, Cydia pomonella, host resistance C ydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) (family Baculoviridae) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that is highly virulent to the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., one of the most destructive insect pests in apple, pear, and walnut orchards. Since CpGV is harmless to nontarget animals and has no detrimental impact on the environment (1, 2), commercial CpGV products became a cornerstone of efficient, highly selective, and environmentally friendly control of CM in integrated and organic pome fruit production (3). Today, CpGV products are registered as biocontrol agents in at least 34 countries worldwide (4).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a Second Type of Resistance against Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in Field Populations of Codling Moths

Jehle

Schulze-Bopp

Undorf-Spahn

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Therefore, CpGV isolates overcoming resistance will play an important role in management of CpGV-M resistance in CM. So far, several CpGV isolates with very good efficacy against resistant CM populations were tested and applied in orchards with CpGV resistance (Eberle et al, 2008;Berling et al, 2009b;Zingg, 2008). Though the molecular mechanism and the genetic basis of the observed field resistance of CM to CpGV-M is still not understood, the biological diversity of CpGV also provides the tools to overcome this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stability and no fitness costs of the resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M)

Undorf-Spahn

Fritsch

Huber

et al. 2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…; Berling et al. ; Jehle and Eberle unpublished data). Thus, CpGV‐M resistance seems to be restricted to isolates of the genome type A, whereas other CpGV genome types such as B, C and D are not affected (Eberle et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The occurrence and distribution of resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in Europe

Schmitt

Bisutti

Ladurner³

et al. 2013

J Applied Entomology

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Zichová T., Falta V., Kocourek F., Stará J., 2011. Diff erences in the susceptibility of codling moth populations to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in the Czech Republic. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 38: 21-26. Th e Cydia pomonella granulovirus is a very important agent for the biological control of the codling moth, Cydia pomo-nella, in both organic and integrated apple and pear production. Th ree populations of Cydia pomonella originating from three separate areas of the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in laboratory bioassays at several concentrations of Cydia pomonella granulovirus. A sensitive laboratory strain was chosen as a control. Th e larval mortality was checked 14 days after the infection. Th e mortality of Cydia pomonella larvae was similar in specimens originating from both the wild populations and the laboratory strain. Decreased susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus was demonstrated neither in samples from locality without Cydia pomonella granulovirus treatment nor from a locality experimentally treated with Cydia pomonella granulovirus for several years during the registration process. However, one population experimentally treated for more than 10 years was partially resistant to Cydia pomonella granulovirus. Based on our fi ndings; the Cydia pomonella granulovirus biopesticides will be effi cient due to the high susceptibility of fi eld codling moth populations to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in the Czech Republic.

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Field trials of CpGV virus isolates overcoming resistance to CpGV-M

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence for a Second Type of Resistance against Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in Field Populations of Codling Moths

Evidence for a Second Type of Resistance against Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in Field Populations of Codling Moths

High stability and no fitness costs of the resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M)

The occurrence and distribution of resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in Europe

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