Field trials with Corynebacterium pyogenes alum-precipitated toxoid

Lovell, R.; Foggie, A.; Pearson, J.K.L.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(50)80021-8

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, rPLO-immunized mice died within 13 days after the challenge, whereas 50% of the mice that received IFA-emulsified tPLOA1 + tPLOA2 and 30% of the mice that received RBMC-trapped tPLOA1 + tPLOA2 survived the lethal challenge ( Figure 6). Our result is consistent with a previous study, which showed that high-level anti-hemolysis antibodies are elicited by alum-precipitated PLO toxoids but fail to protect cattle from summer mastitis [6]. The authors suggested that the antitoxin might not be the antibodies important for protection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…T. pyogenes vaccines have been developed since the 1950s [2]. T. pyogenes bacterin toxoid and genetic toxoid were widely tested for their potency against T. pyogenes infections or challenge in experimental animals and livestock [6][7][8][9][10]. Inactivated whole T. pyogenes culture was also used as vaccine antigen [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PLO molecule is one of the targets for the development of a T. pyogenes vaccine. Early studies treated the supernatant of T. pyogenes culture with formalin and then used aluminum hydroxide to absorb the components in the supernatant to synthesize vaccines [6]. However, T. pyogenes grows slowly, and animal serum is generally required as a supplement of the culture medium for growth promotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines

et al. 2020

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Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic pathogen in livestock and wild animals. However, only one commercial T. pyogenes vaccine is currently available, and its immunoprotective effect is not ideal. Pyolysin (PLO) is one of the important virulence factors expressed by T. pyogenes and one of the targets for the development of new T. pyogenes vaccines. In this study, we constructed two recombinant antigens, tPLOA1 (contains amino acids 1–110 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule) and tPLOA2 (contains amino acids 190–296 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule). Vaccines were prepared by mixing the two recombinant antigens with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant or sheep red blood cell membrane and provided partial immune protection to immunized mice against the lethal challenge of T. pyogenes. Analysis of the PLO-specific IgG levels of immunized mice indicated that the antibody-inducing potency and immunoprotective efficacy of PLO-based vaccines are affected by the oligomerization and structural changes of PLO after binding to a cholesterol-containing membrane. In addition, the titer of anti-hemolysis antibodies is not a suitable indicator of the immunoprotective effect of these vaccines in PLO-based vaccine-immunized animals. The results provide new insights into the development of T. pyogenes vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines

et al. 2020

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“…Historically, vaccination experiments using whole cells or culture supernatant have been, for the most part, unsuccessful in protecting livestock from A. pyogenes infections (Lovell et al 1950;Cameron 1966;Hunter et al 1990), although some therapeutic effects on bovine mastitis cases were observed (Brown and Stuart 1943). Even mouse vaccinations have, at best, given equivocal results (Derbyshire and Matthews 1963;Cameron et al 1976), leading to suggestions that the possibility of successful immunizing animals against A. pyogenes infections was remote (Derbyshire and Matthews 1963).…”

Section: Treatment and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Arcanobacterium pyogenes: molecular pathogenesis of an animal opportunist

Jost

Billington

2005

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

180

216

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Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of economically important livestock, causing diseases as diverse as mastitis, liver abscessation and pneumonia. This organism possesses a number of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenic potential. A. pyogenes expresses a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin, which is a haemolysin and is cytolytic for immune cells, including macrophages. Expression of pyolysin is required for virulence and this molecule is the most promising vaccine candidate identified to date. A. pyogenes also possesses a number of adherence mechanisms, including two neuraminidases, the action of which are required for full adhesion to epithelial cells, and several extracellular matrix-binding proteins, including a collagen-binding protein, which may be required for adhesion to collagen-rich tissue. A. pyogenes also expresses fimbriae, which are similar to the type 2 fimbriae of Actinomyces naeslundii, and forms biofilms. However, the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of A. pyogenes infections remains to be elucidated. A. pyogenes also invades and survives within epithelial cells and can survive within J774A.1 macrophages for up to 72 h, suggesting an important role for A. pyogenes interaction with host cells during pathogenesis. The two component regulatory system, PloSR, up-regulates pyolysin expression and biofilm formation but down-regulates expression of proteases, suggesting that it may act as a global regulator of A. pyogenes virulence. A. pyogenes is a versatile pathogen, with an arsenal of virulence determinants. However, most aspects of the pathogenesis of infection caused by this important opportunistic pathogen remain poorly characterized.

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“…There have been several attempts to vaccinate mice (13), cattle (8,31), and sheep (20) with formalin-inactivated crude A. pyogenes supernatant. Results of these experiments were equivocal, probably due to varying amounts of hemolysin in the immunizing preparation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arcanobacterium(Actinomyces) pyogenes Mutant Deficient in Production of the Pore-Forming Cytolysin Pyolysin Has Reduced Virulence

1999

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Pyolysin (PLO), the hemolytic exotoxin expressed by Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, is a member of the thiol-activated cytolysin family of bacterial toxins. Insertional inactivation of the plo gene results in loss of expression of PLO with a concomitant loss in hemolytic activity. The plo mutant, PLO-1, has an approximately 1.8-log 10 reduction in the 50% infectious dose compared to that for wild-type A. pyogenes in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model. Studies involving cochallenge of wild-type and PLO-1 bacteria resulted in recovery of similar numbers of both strains, suggesting that PLO production is required for survival in vivo. Recombinant, His-tagged PLO (His-PLO) is cytotoxic for mouse peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Protection against challenge with A. pyogenes could be afforded by vaccination with formalin-inactivated His-PLO, suggesting that PLO is a host-protective antigen, as well as a virulence determinant.

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Field trials with Corynebacterium pyogenes alum-precipitated toxoid

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines

Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines

Arcanobacterium pyogenes: molecular pathogenesis of an animal opportunist

An Arcanobacterium(Actinomyces) pyogenes Mutant Deficient in Production of the Pore-Forming Cytolysin Pyolysin Has Reduced Virulence

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