Figure-Associated Text Summarization and Evaluation

Abstract

Biomedical literature incorporates millions of figures, which are a rich and important knowledge resource for biomedical researchers. Scientists need access to the figures and the knowledge they represent in order to validate research findings and to generate new hypotheses. By themselves, these figures are nearly always incomprehensible to both humans and machines and their associated texts are therefore essential for full comprehension. The associated text of a figure, however, is scattered throughout its full-text article and contains redundant information content. In this paper, we report the continued development and evaluation of several figure summarization systems, the FigSum+ systems, that automatically identify associated texts, remove redundant information, and generate a text summary for every figure in an article. Using a set of 94 annotated figures selected from 19 different journals, we conducted an intrinsic evaluation of FigSum+. We evaluate the performance by precision, recall, F1, and ROUGE scores. The best FigSum+ system is based on an unsupervised method, achieving F1 score of 0.66 and ROUGE-1 score of 0.97. The annotated data is available at figshare.com (http://figshare.com/articles/Figure_Associated_Text_Summarization_and_Evaluation/858903).

PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: a consensus‐based development

“…High‐quality illustrations are an important avenue to support findings, report discoveries and have the potential to generate new research questions (Kotz & Cals 2013, Polepalli Ramesh et al . 2015). Due to the relative importance of images in conveying information from animal studies, nine items related to images were included in the PRIASE 2021 checklist, for example radiographs, scans, histology slides and clinical photographs.…”

PRICE 2020 guidelines for reporting case reports in Endodontics: a consensus‐based development

“…Figures/images also provide evidence to support the text and the reported discovery and may help generate new research hypotheses (Kotz & Cals 2013, Polepalli Ramesh et al . 2015); they are an important knowledge resource for biomedical researchers (Lang et al 2012, Polepalli Ramesh et al . 2015).…”

“…2015); they are an important knowledge resource for biomedical researchers (Lang et al 2012, Polepalli Ramesh et al . 2015). Given their significance, several items addressing the quality of figures/images in case reports were included in the checklist.…”

PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration

“…Images provide important visual evidence for both researchers and clinicians to authenticate and support the findings provided in a report (Kotz & Cals, 2013, Polepalli Ramesh et al . 2015). Images are often important in the reporting of animal studies in Endodontology and several items in the checklist are designed to improve the quality of images submitted with manuscripts.…”