Film distribution as policy: current standards and alternatives

Harris, Lauren Carroll

doi:10.1080/10286632.2016.1156100

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the film industry, public support is usually in the form of direct or indirect production subsidisation, and less so at the stage of distribution or exhibition (Carroll Harris, 2018). However, securing such subsidies is often complicated by the requirements imposed by funding bodies, such as multi‐territorial licensing agreements (Poort & van Til, 2020).…”

Section: Movie Macroeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of movies (revisited): A survey of recent literature

McKenzie

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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Twenty years ago, there were all but a handful of scholarly studies published about the economics of the motion picture industry. Over the first decade of the new millennium, this changed dramatically and many studies began to appear in economics journals and those of cognate disciplines. The following, and most recent, decade has seen this trend continue and the literature on the “economics of movies” has well and truly matured. While economics and marketing disciplines still generate the most output, newer data‐orientated disciplines have increasingly turned their attention towards the industry and its abundance of rich and relatively accessible data. This survey endeavors to concisely but comprehensively review recent literature related to this eternally fascinating industry.

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Section: Movie Macroeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of movies (revisited): A survey of recent literature

McKenzie

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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“…Akibatnya, banyak film bagus sepi penonton karena tidak memiliki ruang dan waktu penayangan yang memadai. Sedangkan pemerintah hingga kini masih memprioritaskan aspek produksi meskipun temuan penelitian membuktikan kunci sukses sebuah film ada pada aspek distribusi (Carroll Harris, 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Pemerintah Swedia memberikan subsidi eksibisi film di bioskop dan membedakan pajak bagi film lokal box office (10 %) dan non box office (6%). Pemerintah Australia memberikan potongan pajak, membuat lembaga khusus yang menangani pasar film global dan memberikan bantuan tunai bagi bioskop yang memutar film dengan penonton kurang dari 200 ribu (Carroll Harris, 2018). Selanjutnya, Rusia memberikan subsidi modernisasi bioskop karena pertunjukan film di bioskop terbukti mempengaruhi produksi dan distribusi film secara keseluruhan (Lanina & Malyshev, 2019).…”

Section: Dukungan Pemerintah Dalam Distribusi Dan Eksibisi Filmunclassified

Strategies and Challenges in Conventional and Digital Film Distribution and Exhibition in Indonesia

Iswahyuningtyas

Hidayat

2021

J. Komun.

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Today, media distribution and consumption can occur anytime, anywhere, anything, both conventional and digital. The change in media consumption behavior has brought many challenges for the Indonesian film industry, particularly distribution and exhibition. Film distribution should not just rely on the domestic market and film exhibitions through cinemas. The number of Indonesian cinemas and screens is not ideal, still concentrated in big cities, has low moviegoers, is dominated by foreign films, and lacks support from the government. This study intended to identify challenges and strategies for conventional and digital distribution and exhibition. Answer to that question, this study was carried qualitatively by conducting a literature review through meta-analysis related to history, experiences, and situations in some countries. Research findings indicate film distribution and exhibition need to run simultaneously conventional and digital. Digital distribution is urgent for expanding market size and cinemas revenue. The conventional distribution needs to be maintained because the highest film revenue still comes from cinemas exhibitions. Therefore, filmmakers should begin to organize their distribution strategy and expand cooperation with digital film providers. The government needs to build distribution infrastructures such as global film festivals and distribution agencies, also create policies related to exhibition incentives and tax rebates, especially for films with small audiences. Distribusi dan konsumsi media dewasa ini dapat dilakukan kapanpun, dimanapun, apapun, baik secara konvensional maupun digital. Perubahan perilaku konsumsi media membawa banyak tantangan bagi industri film di Indonesia, khususnya terkait aspek distribusi dan eksibisi. Distribusi film tidak boleh hanya bergantung pada pasar domestik dan mengandalkan eksibisi film melalui bioskop. Hal ini karena jumlah bioskop dan layar yang tersedia di Indonesia belum ideal, masih terpusat di kota besar, memiliki sedikit penonton, berada dalam dominasi film asing dan kurang mendapatkan dukungan dari pemerintah. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tantangan dan strategi dalam distribusi dan eksibisi film secara konvensional dan digital. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut kajian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan melakukan kajian pustaka melalui analisis meta terkait sejarah, pengalaman, situasi yang terjadi di beberapa negara. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dan eksibisi film perlu dilakukan secara simultan. Distribusi digital penting untuk memperluas pasar dan meningkatkan pendapatan. Distribusi konvensional perlu dipertahankan karena pendapatan film terbesar masih berasal dari distribusi melalui jalur bioskop. Oleh karena itu, pembuat film harus mulai mengatur sendiri strategi distribusinya dan meningkatkan kerjasama dengan provider film digital. Pemerintah perlu membangun infrastruktur distribusi seperti festival film dan agensi distribusi di tingkat global, dan membuat kebijakan terkait pemberian insentif eksibisi dan potongan pajak, khususnya bagi film dengan sedikit penonton.

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“…Monetization is divided into three sectors: production, distribution, and exhibition (Adamczak, 2020). Film distribution started in the early 1900s when several developed countries in Europe built film centers as distributors in the form of theaters (L. C. Harris, 2018). A decade later, cinemas were established as venues for scheduled film screenings using tickets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cinema to Small Screen: The Revolution of Film Distribution with OTT Streaming

2024

IJFMR

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The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the audiovisual industry, particularly in film distribution, which has now shifted to online platforms. This change not only makes it easier for customers to access content but also allows them to choose content according to their preferences. For example, Netflix has emerged as one of the largest service providers in the world, changing the way films are distributed by offering various content that can be accessed anytime and anywhere. However, despite the peak popularity of streaming platforms, the industry still faces several serious challenges. One of these is the phenomenon of illegal streaming, which not only harms official service providers but also negatively impacts the film industry as a whole by reducing the revenue that should be received by filmmakers and official distributors. Additionally, the dominance of a few large platforms like Netflix creates challenges in the film distribution business, where the market becomes less competitive and it is harder for smaller platforms to compete. This study uses a literature review method based on the PRISMA 2020 standards to identify the transformation in film distribution through digital streaming platforms. The results of this study show that topics such as streaming platform services, Netflix, and film distribution dominate existing research. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on other aspects such as the media industry as a whole, the algorithms used by streaming platforms for content recommendations, and the role of social media in promoting and distributing films. Therefore, future research is expected to focus more on various film distribution channels and the dynamics of the media industry, as well as deepen the understanding of how film distribution services are promoted. This is important both globally and in Indonesia to ensure that the film industry can develop sustainably and fairly for all industry players. With more comprehensive research, better insights can be provided to help address the challenges present in this industry.

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Film distribution as policy: current standards and alternatives

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The economics of movies (revisited): A survey of recent literature

The economics of movies (revisited): A survey of recent literature

Strategies and Challenges in Conventional and Digital Film Distribution and Exhibition in Indonesia

From Cinema to Small Screen: The Revolution of Film Distribution with OTT Streaming

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