Final Report: Hydrogen Storage System Cost Analysis

James, Brian D.; Houchins, Cassidy; Huya-Kouadio, Jennie Moton; DeSantis, Daniel A.

doi:10.2172/1343975

Cited by 55 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…More importantly, it supports the assignment of the FeCl2-NC-600 path with a bond distance of 1.99 ± 0.01 Å and a coordination number of 3.6±0.4 to Fe-O bond rather than Fe-N or Fe-C. was fixed at 0.74 as obtained by fitting the reference foil. Fits were done in R-space, with k 1,2,3 weighting, 1.0< R < 2.2 Å, and Δk = 2.3 -10.1 Å -1 . E0 was fit at 0.9±1.6 eV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S0 2 was fixed at 0.74 as obtained by fitting the reference foil. Fits were conducted in R-space with k 1,2,3 weighting, 1.0< R < 2.2 Å, and Δk = 2.3 -9.7 Å -1 . The fit result for E0 was -1.1 ± 1.2 eV.…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 While advances have been made in reducing platinum usage in PEMFCs, the cost of automotive fuel cell systems is still prohibitively high, due primarily to the high loading of Pt on the PEMFC cathode. 1,2 The key to widespread and sustainable commercialization of FCVs from a cost perspective is the significant reduction of Pt loading, 2 or replacing Pt-alloys with earth-abundant, inexpensive materials (i.e., platinum group metal (PGM)-free). The leading PGM-free catalysts for the ORR in PEMFCs are single transition metal atoms (M=Mn, Fe or Co) embedded in a nitrogendoped carbon matrix (M-N-C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this state-of-the-art performance is insufficient for automotive PEMFCs. 2 Further progress in performance necessitates improvements in the turnover frequency and/or in the density of active sites in M-N-C materials, both of which are impeded by the lack of rational synthesis of M-N-C catalysts. The current synthesis strategies for M-N-C catalysts consist of combining sources of M, N, and C either in a single compound or in separate compounds and pyrolyzing the compound(s) typically in the 900 to 1100 °C temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

Li²,

et al. 2019

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Pyrolysis is indispensable for synthesizing highly active Fe-N-C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid, but how Fe, N, and C precursors transform to ORR-active sites during pyrolysis remains unclear. This knowledge gap obscures the connections between the input precursors and output products, clouding the pathway toward Fe-N-C catalyst improvement. Herein, we unravel the evolution pathway of precursors to ORR-active catalyst comprised exclusively of single atom Fe1(II)-N4 sites via in-temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Fe precursor transforms to Fe oxides below 300 ℃, and then to tetrahedral Fe1(II)-O4 via a crystal-to-melt-like transformation below 600 ℃. The Fe1(II)-O4 releases a single Fe atom that flows into the N-doped carbon defect forming Fe1(II)-N4 above 600 ℃. This vapor phase single Fe atom transport mechanism is verified by synthesizing Fe1(II)-N4 sites via "non-contact pyrolysis" wherein the Fe precursor is not in physical contact with the N and C precursors during pyrolysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

Li²,

et al. 2019

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“…310 For comparison, 700 bar compressed hydrogen tanks offer 5.7 wt% hydrogen storage (using the Toyota Mirai as an example). 311 The DOE target improvement to 7.5 wt% at a cost reduction from $$33 per kW h at present to $$8 per kW h. 312…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

Scamman

Abad

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

2,768

1,310

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Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225 000 fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. This review shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements are still required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-term future no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policy support for these technologies around the world. Broader contextHydrogen and fuel cells have arguably suffered a 'lost decade' after high expectations in the 2000s failed to materialise. Three factors are enabling the sector to regain momentum. Firstly, improvements in technology and manufacturing mean that systems which cost $60 000 in 2005 are now cost $10 000. Secondly, commercial products are becoming widely available, and significant uptake is occurring in specific sectors such as Japanese microgeneration and US forklift trucks. Thirdly, a strengthened global resolve to mitigate climate change is coupled with increasing realisation that clean power alone is insufficient, due to the complexity of decarbonising heat and transport. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art update on hydrogen and fuel cells across transport, heat, industry, electricity generation and storage, spanning the technologies, economics, infrastructure requirements and government policies. It defines the many roles that these technologies can play in the near future, as a flexible and versatile complement to electricity, and in offering end-users more choice over how to decarbonise the energy services they rely on. While there are strong grounds for believing that hydrogen and fuel cells can experience a cost and performance trajectory similar to those of solar PV and batteries, several challenges must still be overcome for hydrogen and fuel cells to finally live up to their potential.

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A fundamental comprehension and recent progress in advanced Pt‐based ORR nanocatalysts

Wang

2021

SmartMat

198

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Today, Pt/C catalysts are widely used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The practical applications of PEMFCs still face many limitations in the preparation of advanced Pt‐based catalysts, including high cost, limited life‐time, and insufficient power density. A kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is primarily responsible for these issues. The development of advanced Pt‐based catalysts is crucial for solving these problems when the large‐scale application of PEMFCs is to be realized. Herein, we demonstrate the design principle of advanced Pt‐based catalysts with an emphasis on theoretical understandings to practical applications. Generally, three main strategies (including strain effect, electronic effect, and ensemble effect) that governing the initial activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts are elaborated in detail in this review. Recent advanced Pt‐based ORR catalysts are summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent ORR performance based on theoretical mechanisms. Then we focus on the preparation standards of membrane electrode assembles and testing protocols in practice. Finally, we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards to design strategies for improving ORR performance of Pt‐based catalysts in the future.

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Final Report: Hydrogen Storage System Cost Analysis

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

A fundamental comprehension and recent progress in advanced Pt‐based ORR nanocatalysts

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Final Report: Hydrogen Storage System Cost Analysis

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe1(II)–N4 Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe1(II)–N4 Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

A fundamental comprehension and recent progress in advanced Pt‐based ORR nanocatalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis

Evolution Pathway from Iron Compounds to Fe₁(II)–N₄ Sites through Gas-Phase Iron during Pyrolysis